Overview
Bafilomycin is a macrolide antibiotic originally isolated from Streptomyces species. It is best known for its role as a specific inhibitor of vacuolar-type ATPase (V-ATPase), an enzyme critical for acidifying intracellular compartments like lysosomes and endosomes. By disrupting V-ATPase activity, bafilomycin is widely used in research to study autophagy, lysosomal degradation pathways, and intracellular pH regulation. Its ability to block autophagy has made it a valuable tool in cancer research, neurodegenerative disease studies, and cell biology. Researchers often use bafilomycin A1, the most common form, to investigate the mechanisms of cellular processes dependent on lysosomal function.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Bafilomycin is a white to off-white powder with a molecular weight of 622.83 g/mol. It is soluble in organic solvents such as DMSO, methanol, and ethanol but is insoluble in water. The compound has a melting point of approximately 120-125°C and should be stored at -20°C to maintain stability. As a macrolide, bafilomycin has a complex cyclic structure that contributes to its biological activity. Its stability can be affected by light and moisture, so proper storage conditions are essential to preserve its efficacy in research applications.
Main Applications
Bafilomycin is primarily used in biochemical and pharmacological research. Its inhibition of V-ATPase makes it a key tool for studying autophagy, a process by which cells degrade and recycle their own components. Researchers use bafilomycin to block autophagosome-lysosome fusion, allowing them to measure autophagic flux. Beyond autophagy, bafilomycin is used to investigate lysosomal function, intracellular pH regulation, and membrane trafficking. It has applications in cancer research, where autophagy plays a dual role in tumor survival and death, as well as in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, where lysosomal dysfunction is implicated.
Safety and Storage
Bafilomycin is toxic and should be handled with care. Proper personal protective equipment (PPE), including gloves and lab coats, is essential when working with this compound. Avoid inhalation or ingestion, and work in a well-ventilated area or fume hood. For storage, keep bafilomycin at -20°C in a tightly sealed container, protected from light and moisture. Solutions prepared in DMSO or other solvents should be aliquoted to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles, which can degrade the compound. Always check the expiration date and Certificate of Analysis (COA) before use.
B2B Procurement Guide
When procuring bafilomycin for research or industrial use, verify the CAS number (88899-55-2) and purity level (typically ≥95% for research-grade material). Reputable suppliers should provide a COA detailing purity, solubility, and other relevant specifications. Prices vary based on purity and quantity, with reference ranges commonly between $100-$500 per mg. Bulk purchases may offer discounts, but ensure proper storage conditions are maintained during shipping. Consider suppliers with a track record in providing high-quality biochemical reagents, and confirm shipping methods to avoid temperature excursions that could compromise product integrity.
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