Overview
Azidothymidine (AZT), also known as Zidovudine, is a nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) that plays a critical role in the treatment of HIV/AIDS. It was first synthesized in the 1960s and gained prominence as the first antiretroviral drug approved by the FDA in 1987. AZT works by mimicking thymidine, a building block of DNA, thereby inhibiting the replication of the HIV virus. Despite its groundbreaking impact, AZT is now often used in combination with other antiretroviral drugs to enhance efficacy and reduce resistance. Its discovery marked a turning point in HIV treatment, offering hope to millions of patients worldwide.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Azidothymidine is a white to off-white crystalline powder with a molecular weight of 267.24 g/mol. Its molecular formula is C10H13N5O4, and it has a melting point range of 120-122°C. The compound is soluble in water, methanol, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), making it versatile for pharmaceutical formulations. Key chemical properties include its ability to act as a thymidine analog, incorporating itself into viral DNA and terminating the chain elongation process. This mechanism is central to its antiviral activity. The azido group (-N3) at the 3' position of the sugar moiety is critical for its inhibitory effect on HIV reverse transcriptase.
Main Applications
AZT is primarily used in the treatment of HIV-1 infection, either as a standalone therapy or in combination with other antiretroviral drugs. It is also employed to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV during pregnancy, labor, and delivery. In some cases, AZT is used as post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for healthcare workers exposed to HIV-contaminated materials. Beyond HIV, AZT has been investigated for its potential in treating other viral infections and certain cancers, though these applications remain experimental. Its role in HIV management has been foundational, paving the way for modern antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens.
Safety and Storage
Azidothymidine must be handled with care due to its potential side effects, which include bone marrow suppression, anemia, and lactic acidosis. Proper storage conditions involve keeping the compound in a cool, dry place away from light and moisture to maintain stability. Pharmaceutical-grade AZT should be stored in tightly sealed containers to prevent degradation. Workers handling AZT should use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) to minimize exposure. Disposal should comply with local regulations for hazardous pharmaceuticals to avoid environmental contamination.
B2B Procurement Guide
When procuring Azidothymidine, B2B buyers should prioritize suppliers who comply with Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) and provide certificates of analysis (CoA) to verify purity and identity. The CAS number (30516-87-1) should be cross-checked to ensure authenticity. Prices vary based on purity and quantity, typically ranging from $50 to $200 per gram. Bulk purchases may offer cost advantages. Buyers should also consider logistical factors such as shipping conditions and lead times, especially for time-sensitive pharmaceutical applications.
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