Overview
Arginase is a hydrolase enzyme that catalyzes the final step of the urea cycle, converting L-arginine into ornithine and urea. It exists in two isoforms (arg1 and arg2) with distinct tissue distributions and functions. The enzyme contains a binuclear manganese cluster essential for its catalytic activity. First isolated in 1904, arginase has become a subject of intensive research due to its metabolic significance. It's commercially produced through recombinant DNA technology or extracted from bovine liver, with recombinant forms offering higher purity and consistency for research applications.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Arginase typically appears as a lyophilized powder that's soluble in aqueous buffers. Its activity is manganese-dependent, with optimal function at pH 9-10 and temperatures around 37°C. The enzyme's stability decreases significantly outside these parameters. The protein structure consists of three identical subunits, each containing manganese ions at the active site. Molecular weight varies between 100-120 kDa depending on the isoform and post-translational modifications. Activity is measured in units, where one unit typically hydrolyzes 1 μmol of L-arginine per minute at 37°C and pH 9.5.
Main Applications
In medicine, arginase research contributes to understanding urea cycle disorders and developing treatments for hyperargininemia. Pharmaceutical applications include experimental cancer therapies that exploit arginine metabolism pathways. The biotechnology industry uses arginase in amino acid analysis and as a reagent in diagnostic kits. Emerging applications include its use in cardiovascular research and immunology studies, particularly regarding macrophage function and T-cell regulation.
Safety and Storage
While arginase isn't classified as hazardous, standard laboratory precautions should be followed. Use gloves and eye protection when handling, and avoid inhalation of powder. Store lyophilized enzyme at -20°C in a desiccator; reconstituted solutions are stable for weeks at 4°C when properly buffered. For long-term preservation, aliquoting is recommended to minimize freeze-thaw cycles that degrade activity. Contamination with heavy metals other than manganese can inhibit enzyme function, so use high-purity water and reagents.
B2B Procurement Guide
When sourcing arginase, specify required activity (units/mg), purity level, and isoform type. Recombinant versions offer batch-to-batch consistency, while liver-extracted may contain trace contaminants. Request certificates of analysis detailing activity assays and endotoxin levels. Leading suppliers include Sigma-Aldrich, Thermo Fisher, and specialty biochemical companies. Bulk purchases (100+ mg) may qualify for 15-30% discounts. For clinical applications, ensure the product meets relevant regulatory standards (USP, EP) if required.
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