Overview
Apoptosis-targeted probes are biochemical tools designed to identify and track programmed cell death (apoptosis) in biological systems. These probes typically bind to hallmark apoptotic features like externalized phosphatidylserine, activated caspases, or DNA fragmentation. They enable researchers to quantify apoptosis rates, distinguish between apoptotic and necrotic cells, and study cell death mechanisms in real time. Common probe types include fluorescent Annexin V conjugates, caspase substrates, and mitochondrial membrane potential indicators. Their development has revolutionized cellular biology research by providing non-invasive, quantitative methods to monitor apoptosis in living cells and animal models.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Most apoptosis probes are modified biomolecules (e.g., proteins, peptides, or small molecules) conjugated to detection tags like fluorophores (FITC, Cy5) or biotin. They exhibit stability under physiological pH (7.0-7.4) but may degrade under prolonged light exposure or repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Key performance metrics include excitation/emission wavelengths (for fluorescent probes), binding affinity (Kd values in nM range), and membrane permeability (for intracellular targets). Advanced probes may incorporate quencher-fluorophore pairs for ratiometric measurements or near-infrared dyes for in vivo imaging.
Main Applications
In drug discovery, these probes screen compound libraries for pro-apoptotic or anti-apoptotic effects. Cancer researchers use them to evaluate chemotherapy efficacy and tumor regression. Immunology studies apply probes to investigate immune cell death pathways. Clinical applications include transplant rejection monitoring and neurodegenerative disease research. Multiplexing with other probes (e.g., viability stains) allows simultaneous assessment of apoptosis, necrosis, and healthy cell populations in the same sample.
Safety and Storage
Store lyophilized probes at -20°C in desiccated conditions; reconstituted solutions often require aliquoting to avoid contamination. Most probes contain DMSO or other organic solvents—handle in fume hoods with nitrile gloves. Dispose of waste according to institutional guidelines for fluorescent compounds. Some caspase inhibitors in probe formulations may be toxic at high concentrations; consult MSDS for specific handling protocols.
B2B Procurement Guide
When sourcing probes, prioritize vendors with ISO 13485 certification for consistent batch-to-batch performance. Request validation data showing signal-to-noise ratios in relevant cell lines. Consider bulk purchasing discounts for high-throughput screening projects. For in vivo studies, verify probes have documented biodistribution profiles and clearance rates. Custom conjugation services are available for specialized research needs, though lead times may extend to 6-8 weeks.
Related Manufacturers
- 主营：cy荧光染料、ICG吲哚菁绿、源头厂家
- 主营：反应活、hydrazide、修饰剂、催化剂、糖蛋白、连接子、激动剂、聚合物、活性脂、胆固醇、钆特酸、催化性、dna标记、络合剂、荧光试剂、雨蛙素、乙二胺、ped结构、衍生物、化合物、链接剂、反应物、生物素
- 主营：罗丹明B酰肼、鬼笔环肽、钙黄绿素红、胆固醇荧光探针、深红溶酶体荧光探针、缺氧探针、钙螯合剂
- 主营：催化剂、peg试剂、cy5四氮、活性脂、苯二胺、2406-34-0、乙氧基、试剂cas、环辛烯、生物素、cb-cyclam、实验室、dbco-acid、半乳糖、溴苯基、交联剂、环己炔、荧光素、3694-51-7、ac4galnal、2001-96-9、葡萄糖、环辛炔、直发cas、糖化学
- 主营：标准品、植物提取物、理化实验仪器、对羟基苯甲醇、植物萃取原料、L-半胱氨酸、高纯生化试剂、科研实验原料、荷叶碱、植物标准品、蛋白抑制剂、小分子抑制剂、荧光染料、赤霉素、槲皮苷、人参总皂苷、氯化锂、二氢查尔酮单体、甘草酸铵、甘草提取物、异荭草苷、阿莫地喹、雷公藤次碱、木兰花碱、荧光染色原料
- 主营：在水中、包含肽、含叠氮、Pancreaticcancer靶向肽、丙炔基、由氨基、菁染料、peg单元、具有炔、胺hcl盐、阿尔法、催化剂、peg试剂、结构式、氨基nh2、3694-51-7、碘化物、4727-50-8、具有两、带有炔、磺酸基、3065-79-0、aminopeg8、甲基九、bcn基团、荧光素
- 主营：甲氧基聚乙二醇、氨基聚乙二醇、羧基聚乙二醇、巯基聚乙二醇、羟基聚乙二醇、马来酰亚胺聚乙二醇、四臂聚乙二醇、荧光素聚乙二醇、叠氮聚乙二醇、硅烷聚乙二醇、炔基聚乙二醇、生物素聚乙二醇、丙烯酸酯聚乙二醇、活性脂聚乙二醇、Boc保护基团聚乙二醇、Fmoc保护基团聚乙二醇、生物素小分子PEG衍生物、甲氧基小分子PEG衍生物
- 主营：2d碳化钒、单层mbene、陶瓷材料、靶向多肽探针、mab相材料、mbene前驱体、ti3c2tx柔性膜、免疫因子纳米载体服务
- 主营：转铁蛋白靶向肽HAIYPRH、荧光染料、花青素染料
- 主营：磷脂聚乙二醇、胆固醇聚乙二醇、PLGA、功能化聚乙二醇、硬脂酸聚乙二醇、透明质酸、聚乙内酯、聚乳酸、葡聚糖、DOPE
- 主营：染料cy3、ifluor820、双nhs酯、探针hpf、探针apf、50x荧光、ifluor790、试剂盒、ifluor647、1mg蛋白、pcr定量、ifluor860、atp分析、橙钠盐、ifluor460、rna定量、派诺宁、生物素、刚果红、cy7酰肼、蛋白酶、ifluor810、抑制剂、funxite-1、封闭剂
- 主营：金纳米、三角片、麦芽糖、靶向多肽、羟丙基、ito薄膜、氮化钛、tio2纳米、碳粉tio2、修饰tio2、pd纳米笼、水溶伊红、纳米复合、磁性纳米、蛋白芯片、包硅金银、硅纳米线、包硅纳米、硅纳米管、螯合树脂、油溶性银、复合材料、薄膜定制、纳米粒子
- 主营：嵌段共聚物、合成磷脂、荧光染料、近红外二区靶向探针、PEG、点击化学、量子点
- 主营：活性脂、三苯胺、mof材料、聚乙二醇、海藻酸钠、聚苯乙烯、蛋白交联剂、琥珀酰亚胺酯、月桂酸甘油酯、二元醛基cof单体