Overview
Anhydrous copper sulfate (CuSO₄) is a versatile inorganic compound with a wide range of industrial applications. Unlike its hydrated form (blue vitriol), the anhydrous variant appears as a white or gray-white powder. It is produced by heating hydrated copper sulfate to remove water molecules, resulting in a concentrated form with higher reactivity. As a key chemical raw material, it serves critical functions in agriculture as a fungicide and soil amendment, in electroplating baths for copper coating, and as a catalyst or reagent in chemical synthesis. Its hygroscopic nature makes it useful as a desiccant in specific applications.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Anhydrous copper sulfate exhibits a high density of 3.60 g/cm³ and decomposes at 560°C without boiling. It is highly soluble in water (20.3 g/100 mL at 20°C), forming a blue aqueous solution, but is insoluble in nonpolar solvents like ethanol. The compound is hygroscopic, readily absorbing moisture from the air to form the pentahydrate (CuSO₄·5H₂O). Chemically, it acts as a moderate oxidizing agent and reacts with bases to form copper hydroxide precipitates. It is incompatible with strong reducing agents, ammonium compounds, and alkali metals due to potential hazardous reactions. Its stability under normal storage conditions makes it suitable for long-term use when kept dry.
Main Applications
In agriculture, anhydrous copper sulfate is a cost-effective fungicide for crops like grapes and potatoes, controlling diseases such as downy mildew. It is also used to correct copper-deficient soils. The electroplating industry relies on it for copper deposition in PCB manufacturing and decorative coatings. Chemical laboratories use it as a reagent for redox reactions and catalysis. Industrial applications include textile dyeing (mordant), wood preservation, and pigment production. Recent innovations explore its role in battery technologies and as a precursor for nanomaterials. Its versatility stems from copper's biocidal properties and redox activity.
Safety and Storage
Anhydrous copper sulfate is classified as harmful if swallowed (H302) and causes skin/eye irritation (H315/H319). Chronic exposure may lead to organ damage. Always use PPE (gloves, goggles) and ensure proper ventilation when handling. As an environmental hazard (H410), avoid release into waterways. Store in sealed, corrosion-resistant containers (e.g., plastic or lined steel) away from moisture, incompatible materials (e.g., aluminum, zinc), and food products. Spills should be contained with inert absorbents and disposed of as hazardous waste according to local regulations. Firefighters should use dry chemical extinguishers for copper sulfate-related fires.
B2B Procurement Guide
Industrial buyers should prioritize suppliers with ISO certifications and batch-specific CoA (Certificate of Analysis) to ensure ≥98% purity. Technical-grade is sufficient for most applications, while analytical-grade commands premium pricing. Packaging options include 25/50 kg bags or tonnage quantities for large-scale users. Key selection criteria include low heavy metal contaminants (e.g., lead, arsenic), consistent particle size, and moisture-proof packaging. Spot prices fluctuate with copper market trends, but bulk contracts (10+ tons) typically offer 5-15% discounts. Verify logistics compatibility—some carriers classify it as hazardous goods. Reliable Chinese exporters often provide FOB prices at $2.5-$4/kg for 20-ton orders.
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