Overview
Angiostatin is a proteolytic fragment of plasminogen, first identified in 1994 by Dr. Judah Folkman's lab for its ability to inhibit angiogenesis. It is generated through enzymatic cleavage by proteases like elastase or macrophage-derived metalloproteinases. As a potent endogenous inhibitor of blood vessel formation, angiostatin primarily targets endothelial cells, disrupting their proliferation and migration. This protein has garnered significant attention in oncology due to its role in suppressing tumor growth and metastasis. Unlike synthetic angiogenesis inhibitors, angiostatin is naturally occurring, which reduces immunogenicity concerns in therapeutic applications. Research-grade angiostatin is commonly produced via recombinant DNA technology in E. coli or mammalian expression systems.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Angiostatin typically exists as a 38-45 kDa protein, though molecular weight varies depending on the specific plasminogen cleavage site (e.g., kringle domains 1-3 or 1-4). It lacks a fixed molecular formula but consists of ~350-400 amino acids. The lyophilized form appears as a white powder, while solutions are clear and colorless at pH 7.4. Key chemical properties include its isoelectric point (pI ~6.5-7.5) and susceptibility to denaturation at extreme pH or temperatures. Stability studies recommend storage at -80°C in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) with carrier proteins like BSA to prevent adsorption. Solubility exceeds 1 mg/mL in aqueous buffers, but aggregation may occur at high concentrations.
Main Applications
In biomedical research, angiostatin is primarily used to study tumor angiogenesis and develop anti-cancer therapies. Preclinical studies demonstrate its efficacy in reducing primary tumor growth and metastatic spread across various cancer models, including lung, breast, and prostate carcinomas. Therapeutic applications extend beyond oncology—angiostatin shows promise in treating pathologic ocular angiogenesis (e.g., diabetic retinopathy) and inflammatory diseases. In B2B contexts, it is supplied to pharmaceutical companies for drug development, academic labs for mechanistic studies, and diagnostic firms developing angiogenesis assays. Combination therapies with VEGF inhibitors are an active area of investigation.
Safety and Storage
As a research biochemical, angiostatin requires standard biosafety level (BSL)-1 handling. While non-toxic, repeated exposure may elicit mild immune responses. Use PPE (gloves, lab coat) and avoid inhalation of lyophilized powder. Spills should be neutralized with disinfectants like 70% ethanol. Storage at -20°C suffices for short-term use (≤6 months), but -80°C is recommended for long-term preservation. Lyophilized samples remain stable for years when sealed under inert gas. Reconstituted solutions should be aliquoted to minimize freeze-thaw cycles, which can degrade protein integrity. Always verify activity via endothelial cell proliferation assays after prolonged storage.
B2B Procurement Guide
When sourcing angiostatin, prioritize suppliers with ISO 13485 or GMP certification for consistency. Key specifications include: purity (>90% by SDS-PAGE), endotoxin levels (<1 EU/µg), and functional validation (IC50 ≤500 nM in HUVEC assays). Bulk orders (10+ mg) commonly attract 15-30% discounts. Lead times vary: 2-4 weeks for catalog items, 8-12 weeks for custom fragments. Consider requesting COAs (Certificates of Analysis) with lot-specific data. For therapeutic applications, ensure the vendor provides documentation for regulatory compliance (e.g., DMFs). Emerging suppliers in China offer competitive pricing at ~30% lower than Western counterparts but validate quality rigorously.
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