Overview
Amantadine, chemically known as 1-adamantanamine, is a synthetic compound with significant medical applications. Originally developed as an antiviral agent, it has since been widely used to treat Parkinson's disease due to its dopaminergic effects. The compound's unique adamantane structure contributes to its stability and pharmacological activity. Amantadine is classified as an adamantane derivative and is recognized for its ability to inhibit the replication of influenza A viruses. Its therapeutic use extends to managing symptoms of Parkinson's disease, including tremors and rigidity, by modulating dopamine release in the brain.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Amantadine appears as a white crystalline powder with a molecular weight of 151.25 g/mol. It has a melting point range of 180-192 °C and is soluble in water and alcohol, making it suitable for various pharmaceutical formulations. The compound's density is approximately 1.0 g/cm³, and it should be stored in a cool, dry environment to maintain stability. The adamantane backbone of amantadine provides exceptional chemical stability, which is crucial for its prolonged shelf life. This structural feature also influences its pharmacokinetics, allowing for predictable absorption and distribution in the human body.
Main Applications
Amantadine's primary application is in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, where it helps alleviate motor symptoms by enhancing dopamine activity. It is also used as a prophylactic and therapeutic agent against influenza A virus infections, particularly in high-risk populations. In addition to its antiviral and antiparkinsonian uses, amantadine has shown promise in treating fatigue associated with multiple sclerosis. Off-label applications include managing neuroleptic malignant syndrome and certain types of chronic pain, though these uses require further clinical validation.
Safety and Storage
Amantadine should be handled with appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) to avoid inhalation or skin contact. Common side effects include dizziness, nausea, and insomnia, which are typically dose-dependent. Patients with renal impairment require dosage adjustments due to the drug's renal excretion pathway. For storage, amantadine should be kept in tightly sealed containers away from light and moisture. The recommended storage temperature is below 25 °C. Bulk quantities should be stored in compliance with pharmaceutical good manufacturing practices (GMP) to ensure product integrity.
B2B Procurement Guide
When procuring amantadine for pharmaceutical use, buyers should prioritize suppliers with certified GMP compliance and a proven track record in active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) manufacturing. Key considerations include batch-to-batch consistency, purity levels (typically ≥98%), and comprehensive analytical documentation. Procurement professionals should verify the supplier's ability to provide regulatory support files, including Drug Master Files (DMFs) or Certificates of Analysis (CoAs). Price negotiations should account for order volume, with larger quantities generally commanding lower per-unit costs. Lead times for pharmaceutical-grade amantadine typically range from 4-8 weeks.
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