Overview
Alpha-Cyclodextrin (α-CD) is a cyclic oligosaccharide consisting of six α-1,4-linked D-glucopyranose units. It is produced enzymatically from starch and is valued for its unique cavity structure, which enables it to form host-guest inclusion complexes with hydrophobic molecules. This property makes α-CD a versatile ingredient in industries like pharmaceuticals, where it enhances drug solubility and bioavailability. Its non-toxic and biodegradable nature also supports applications in food and cosmetics, such as flavor encapsulation and fragrance stabilization.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Alpha-Cyclodextrin appears as a white, odorless, crystalline powder with a sweet taste. It is highly soluble in water (14.5 g/100 mL at 25°C) due to its hydrophilic exterior but forms stable complexes with hydrophobic molecules via its internal cavity. Its melting point ranges from 278-280°C, though it decomposes upon heating. The compound is stable under normal storage conditions but may hydrolyze under extreme pH or enzymatic action. Its molecular weight is 972.84 g/mol, and it exhibits low hygroscopicity, making it suitable for dry formulations.
Main Applications
In pharmaceuticals, α-CD is used to improve the solubility and stability of poorly water-soluble drugs, such as steroids and anti-inflammatory agents. It also reduces side effects like irritation by masking unpleasant tastes or odors. The food industry employs α-CD as a carrier for flavors, vitamins, and fatty acids, extending shelf life and enhancing texture. In cosmetics, it stabilizes volatile fragrances and active ingredients. Additionally, α-CD serves as a chiral selector in analytical chemistry for separating enantiomers.
Safety and Storage
Alpha-Cyclodextrin is classified as Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) by the FDA for food use. It is non-toxic and biodegradable, with no significant environmental hazards. However, dust inhalation should be avoided to prevent respiratory irritation. Store α-CD in a tightly sealed container in a cool, dry place (below 25°C) away from moisture and direct sunlight. Bulk quantities should be kept in moisture-proof packaging to prevent clumping or degradation.
B2B Procurement Guide
When sourcing α-CD, prioritize suppliers that provide certificates of analysis (CoA) confirming purity (≥98%) and compliance with pharmacopeial standards (e.g., USP, EP). Bulk pricing typically ranges from $50-$200 per kg, with discounts for larger orders. Consider the intended application: pharmaceutical-grade α-CD requires stricter quality control than industrial-grade. Verify the supplier’s ability to meet regulatory requirements (e.g., GMP, REACH) and request samples for compatibility testing before large-scale procurement.
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