Overview
Alkaline Copper Citrate Test Solution is a prepared chemical reagent primarily used to detect the presence of reducing sugars such as glucose, fructose, and maltose. It is a key component in Benedict's test, a classic qualitative assay in biochemistry. The solution typically contains copper(II) citrate complexed in a strongly alkaline medium (e.g., sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide). Developed as an improvement over Fehling's solution, it offers greater stability and sensitivity. Laboratories in pharmaceuticals, food testing, and academic institutions rely on this reagent for its consistent performance in redox reactions, where it changes color (blue to red-orange) upon sugar reduction.
Physical and Chemical Properties
The solution appears as a deep blue liquid due to the presence of copper(II) ions. Its alkalinity (pH ~12–14) ensures the copper remains soluble as a citrate complex. The density ranges between 1.1–1.2 g/cm³, depending on the concentration of dissolved salts. Chemically, it acts as an oxidizing agent, with copper(II) reducing to copper(I) oxide (Cu₂O) in the presence of sugars. This reaction is accompanied by a distinctive color change. The solution is stable under recommended storage conditions but degrades upon prolonged exposure to air (CO₂ absorption lowers pH) or contaminants.
Main Applications
The primary use is in qualitative tests for reducing sugars, notably in medical diagnostics (e.g., urine glucose tests) and food quality control. It is also employed in educational laboratories to teach carbohydrate chemistry principles. In industrial settings, the solution serves as a low-cost screening tool for sugar content in raw materials like molasses or starch hydrolysates. Some modified formulations are adapted for quantitative assays via spectrophotometry, though these require precise calibration.
Safety and Storage
Due to its high alkalinity and copper content, the solution is corrosive and toxic. Personal protective equipment (gloves, goggles) is mandatory during handling. Spills should be neutralized with dilute acid (e.g., vinegar) and cleaned promptly. Storage requires airtight containers (plastic or glass) to prevent CO₂ absorption. Shelf life is typically 6–12 months when stored at room temperature away from light. Degradation signs include precipitation or color fading, which indicate reduced efficacy.
B2B Procurement Guide
Bulk buyers should prioritize suppliers with ISO 9001 or GMP certification to ensure consistency. Key specifications include copper concentration (usually 0.1–0.5M), pH (≥12), and absence of particulate matter. For cost efficiency, consider ready-to-use formulations unless in-house preparation is feasible. Lead times vary; emergency shipments may incur premiums. Some vendors offer customized buffers for specific assays—clarify requirements upfront.
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