Overview
Agarose is a linear polysaccharide extracted from red seaweed, primarily composed of repeating units of agarobiose. It is prized in biotechnology for its ability to form porous gels when dissolved in hot water and cooled, making it ideal for separating biomolecules by size. Unlike agar, agarose contains fewer sulfate groups, resulting in lower electroendosmosis (EEO) and higher clarity gels. Its inert nature and biocompatibility also make it suitable for cell culture and immunodiffusion assays.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Agarose forms thermoreversible gels that melt at 85-95°C and solidify at 35-45°C. The gel pore size can be adjusted by varying the agarose concentration (0.5%-3%), enabling separation of DNA fragments from 50 bp to several megabases. Its low EEO (typically 0.05-0.13) minimizes buffer flow during electrophoresis, ensuring accurate migration. High-purity grades (>99%) are essential for sensitive applications like PCR product analysis, while standard grades suffice for routine separations.
Main Applications
In molecular biology, agarose gels are the standard medium for electrophoresis of nucleic acids. Low-melt agarose is used for DNA fragment recovery, while high-resolution gels separate small RNAs or proteins. Beyond electrophoresis, agarose serves as a matrix for affinity chromatography, microbial culture media, and 3D cell scaffolding. Its non-toxicity allows food-grade applications as a thickener, though most industrial demand stems from life sciences.
Safety and Storage
Agarose poses minimal hazards but may generate dust during handling. Use gloves and eye protection when weighing powder. Store in sealed containers to prevent moisture absorption, which can degrade gel performance. Dispose of used gels as non-hazardous waste, though ethidium bromide-stained gels require special treatment. Always refer to local regulations for electrophoresis buffer disposal.
B2B Procurement Guide
For bulk purchases, verify certifications (e.g., USP, EP) for regulated applications. Key specifications include gel strength (≥1200 g/cm² for high-grade), sulfate content (<0.15%), and EEO value. Suppliers often provide customized melting points or pre-cast gels. Consider logistics: some manufacturers offer temperature-controlled shipping to tropical regions to prevent partial gelling during transit.
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