Overview
Chemically active magnesium oxide (MgO) is a high-purity, reactive form of magnesium oxide distinguished by its fine particle size and large surface area. Unlike dead-burned or fused MgO, it exhibits rapid chemical reactivity due to its porous structure. It is produced by calcining magnesium carbonate or hydroxide at controlled temperatures (700-1,000°C). This material is widely valued in industries requiring precise chemical interactions, such as in catalysis or as a precursor for advanced ceramics. Its reactivity can be tailored by adjusting production parameters, making it adaptable for specialized applications.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Active MgO is characterized by a loose, lightweight powder form with a specific surface area ranging from 50-200 m²/g, depending on the grade. It maintains stability under high temperatures but reacts readily with acids and moisture, forming magnesium hydroxide or salts. Its alkaline nature (pH ~10-12 in suspension) makes it effective for neutralizing acidic waste streams. The compound's refractory properties—high melting point and thermal conductivity—are leveraged in furnace linings and electrical insulators.
Main Applications
In ceramics, active MgO acts as a flux to lower firing temperatures and modify thermal expansion. It is critical in producing magnesium aluminate spinels for refractory bricks. Environmental applications include heavy metal removal from wastewater due to its precipitation-enhancing properties. The pharmaceutical industry uses ultra-pure grades as an antacid or laxative. Emerging uses include carbon capture (as a CO₂ absorbent) and as a reinforcing filler in rubber and plastics, where its reactivity improves polymer cross-linking.
Safety and Storage
Though non-toxic, active MgO powder can irritate respiratory tracts and eyes. Use NIOSH-approved dust masks and goggles during handling. Storage requires moisture-proof packaging (often double-layer bags with PE liners) to prevent hydration, which reduces reactivity. In case of fire, use dry chemical extinguishers—water reacts exothermically with MgO. Spills should be contained and swept up dry to avoid slurry formation. Always comply with local regulations for chemical disposal.
B2B Procurement Guide
Key specifications to confirm include purity (industrial grade: 90-95%; high-purity: ≥98%), particle size distribution (D50 typically 1-10 µm), and reactivity time (tested via citric acid activity). Bulk buyers should request certificates of analysis (CoA) for trace heavy metals like lead and arsenic. Supplier audits are recommended to evaluate consistent calcination processes. For international shipments, ensure INCOTERMS clarify moisture protection. Spot prices fluctuate with magnesium ore supply; long-term contracts may stabilize costs.
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