Overview
Acrylamide is an organic compound primarily used as a monomer in the production of polyacrylamide polymers. It was first synthesized in the late 19th century but gained industrial significance in the 1950s. Today, it is a critical raw material for water treatment, paper strengthening, and enhanced oil recovery. Acrylamide is classified as a hazardous substance due to its neurotoxicity and potential carcinogenicity. Regulatory agencies such as the EPA and IARC have issued guidelines for its safe handling. Industrial use requires strict controls to minimize worker exposure and environmental release.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Acrylamide appears as odorless white crystals at room temperature. It is highly soluble in polar solvents like water and ethanol but less so in non-polar solvents. The compound polymerizes exothermically when exposed to heat, light, or initiators, forming polyacrylamide—a key property for industrial applications. Its double bond (C=C) and amide group make it reactive for copolymerization with other monomers. Thermal decomposition occurs above 175°C, releasing toxic fumes including nitrogen oxides. Stability is maintained under recommended storage conditions (pH 5–7, temperatures below 30°C).
Main Applications
Over 90% of acrylamide is used to produce polyacrylamide, which serves as a flocculant in wastewater treatment and mining operations. In the paper industry, it improves wet-strength and retention rates. Oilfields utilize it for enhanced recovery by reducing water viscosity in injection wells. Other applications include gel electrophoresis for DNA separation, soil stabilization in agriculture, and cosmetics as a thickening agent. Recent research explores its role in hydrogel manufacturing for medical devices, though stringent purity standards apply.
Safety and Storage
Acrylamide requires careful handling due to its toxicity. Skin contact or inhalation can cause neurological damage, and chronic exposure is linked to cancer. OSHA mandates a permissible exposure limit (PEL) of 0.03 mg/m³ over an 8-hour workday. Storage must avoid moisture, heat, and incompatible materials (oxidizers, strong acids/bases). Use polyethylene or stainless-steel containers with airtight seals. Spills should be neutralized with sodium hypochlorite and reported to hazardous waste authorities. Always consult Safety Data Sheets (SDS) before use.
B2B Procurement Guide
Industrial buyers should prioritize suppliers with ISO 9001 certification and REACH compliance. Key specifications include purity (≥99%), residual monomer levels (<0.1%), and absence of heavy metals. Bulk shipments typically come in 25 kg bags or 1-ton pallets. Consider logistics: acrylamide degrades under prolonged heat, so temperature-controlled transport is advisable. Negotiate contracts with flexibility for price fluctuations linked to acrylonitrile (primary feedstock). Audit suppliers for proper storage facilities and emergency response protocols.