Overview
Citric Acid Monohydrate is a crystalline form of citric acid that includes one molecule of water. It is a naturally occurring acid found in citrus fruits and is widely produced through microbial fermentation of sugars. As a versatile compound, it serves multiple roles in various industries, from food preservation to metal cleaning. Its mild acidity and pleasant taste make it a popular choice in the food and beverage sector. In pharmaceuticals, it acts as an excipient and pH adjuster, while in cosmetics, it functions as a chelating agent and preservative. The industrial sector leverages its ability to remove rust and scale from metals.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Citric Acid Monohydrate appears as a white, odorless crystalline powder with a tart taste. It has a molecular weight of 210.14 g/mol and a density of 1.542 g/cm³. The compound melts at 153°C and decomposes upon further heating, releasing water and forming anhydrous citric acid. It is highly soluble in water, with a solubility of 59.2 g per 100 mL at 20°C. This solubility makes it easy to incorporate into aqueous solutions. The acid is also soluble in ethanol but poorly soluble in organic solvents like ether. Its chelating properties enable it to bind metal ions, making it useful in water softening and cleaning applications.
Main Applications
In the food and beverage industry, Citric Acid Monohydrate is used as a flavor enhancer, preservative, and acidity regulator. It is a key ingredient in soft drinks, candies, and jams, providing a sour taste and extending shelf life. The pharmaceutical industry utilizes it as an excipient in tablets and syrups to improve stability and taste. Cosmetics and personal care products often include citric acid for its pH-adjusting and preservative qualities. Industrially, it is employed in detergents and cleaning agents for its ability to dissolve mineral deposits and rust. Additionally, it serves as a buffer in biochemical and medical laboratories.
Safety and Storage
Citric Acid Monohydrate is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by regulatory agencies when used in appropriate concentrations. However, exposure to high concentrations may cause eye or skin irritation. Proper handling includes wearing gloves and eye protection in industrial settings. Storage requires a cool, dry environment to prevent caking or moisture absorption. The compound should be kept in tightly sealed containers away from incompatible materials such as strong oxidizers. Shelf life is typically two years when stored under recommended conditions.
B2B Procurement Guide
When procuring Citric Acid Monohydrate, buyers should prioritize suppliers with certifications such as ISO 9001 or GMP compliance to ensure quality. Key specifications to verify include purity (≥99.5%), heavy metal content (<10 ppm), and microbial limits. Packaging options range from 25 kg bags to bulk containers, depending on volume requirements. Pricing varies based on quantity, with discounts available for large orders. Buyers should also consider logistics, such as storage conditions and lead times, to align with production schedules.
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