Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate[2]

Updated: 2026-09-17

Overview

Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) is a highly versatile anionic surfactant with widespread applications in both consumer and industrial products. It is derived from lauryl alcohol and sulfuric acid, forming a compound that excels in reducing surface tension and creating stable foams. Due to its affordability and effectiveness, SDS is a staple in formulations requiring cleaning, emulsification, or wetting properties. First synthesized in the early 20th century, SDS gained prominence due to its compatibility with a variety of formulations. Its role extends beyond household products to include specialized uses in biochemical laboratories, where it is employed in protein denaturation and electrophoresis.

Physical and Chemical Properties

SDS appears as a white or cream-colored crystalline powder with a slight odor. It has a molecular weight of 288.38 g/mol and a density of approximately 1.01 g/cm³. The compound decomposes rather than boiling, with a melting point around 206-208°C. It is highly soluble in water, forming micelles at critical concentrations, which enhance its surfactant properties. Chemically, SDS is stable under normal conditions but may react with strong oxidizing agents. Its anionic nature makes it particularly effective in alkaline solutions, where it exhibits maximum surface activity. The compound’s foaming capacity is temperature-dependent, with optimal performance observed in warm water.

Main Applications

SDS is a key ingredient in household and personal care products, including detergents, shampoos, and toothpaste, where it acts as a foaming and cleaning agent. Its ability to emulsify oils and grease makes it indispensable in industrial cleaners for machinery and automotive parts. In laboratories, SDS is used to solubilize proteins and disrupt cell membranes during DNA extraction. The compound also finds niche applications in agriculture as a wetting agent for pesticides and in the textile industry for fabric processing. Its versatility and cost-effectiveness ensure steady demand across multiple sectors, with ongoing research exploring new uses in nanotechnology and drug delivery systems.

Safety and Storage

While SDS is generally safe for use in regulated concentrations, exposure to high doses can cause skin, eye, and respiratory irritation. Proper handling requires gloves, goggles, and ventilation, particularly in industrial settings. Ingestion or inhalation of powder should be avoided, and first aid measures include rinsing affected areas with copious water. Storage recommendations include keeping SDS in tightly sealed containers, away from moisture and oxidizing agents. The compound is stable at room temperature but should be protected from extreme heat to prevent decomposition. Disposal should comply with local environmental regulations to minimize ecological impact.

B2B Procurement Guide

When procuring SDS in bulk, buyers should prioritize suppliers with certifications such as ISO or GMP to ensure product consistency. Key considerations include purity levels (technical grade for industrial use vs. high-purity for labs), packaging (bags, drums, or custom containers), and logistical support for large orders. Prices vary based on quantity and purity, with discounts typically available for contracts exceeding one metric ton. Sample testing is advisable to confirm specifications like active content and impurity profiles. Long-term partnerships with manufacturers can secure favorable terms and reliable supply chains, especially during market fluctuations.