Overview
Undecane is a saturated hydrocarbon belonging to the alkane series, consisting of 11 carbon atoms in a straight chain. It occurs naturally in small quantities in petroleum and is primarily produced synthetically for industrial applications. As a mid-length alkane, it serves as a model compound in fuel research due to its combustion characteristics. Its predictable properties also make it valuable as a calibration standard in gas chromatography and other analytical techniques.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Undecane exhibits typical alkane properties: non-polar, hydrophobic, and chemically inert under standard conditions. Its boiling point (196°C) makes it less volatile than shorter-chain alkanes, while its melting point (-25.6°C) ensures liquid state at room temperature. The compound's density (0.74 g/cm³) is lower than water, and it forms azeotropic mixtures with certain alcohols. Its flash point is approximately 60°C, classifying it as a flammable liquid. Thermal decomposition occurs above 200°C, producing methane, ethylene, and other hydrocarbons.
Main Applications
In industrial settings, undecane serves multiple purposes. It functions as an intermediate in specialty chemical synthesis, particularly for surfactants and lubricant additives. The petroleum industry uses it as a reference fuel component for cetane number testing. Laboratories employ high-purity undecane as a retention index standard in gas chromatography due to its consistent elution time. Emerging applications include its use as a phase change material (PCM) in thermal energy storage systems, leveraging its melting/freezing characteristics.
Safety and Storage
As a flammable liquid, undecane requires careful handling. Storage should be in approved flammable liquid cabinets, with containers tightly sealed to prevent vapor accumulation. Proper grounding is essential during transfer to prevent static discharge. Personal protective equipment (PPE) including chemical-resistant gloves and safety goggles is mandatory during handling. Spills should be contained with inert absorbents and disposed of as hazardous waste. Adequate ventilation is crucial to maintain airborne concentrations below occupational exposure limits.
B2B Procurement Guide
When sourcing undecane, buyers should specify required purity levels: technical grade (90-95%) for general use, analytical grade (≥99%) for laboratory applications. Bulk shipments typically come in 200L steel drums or isotanks for quantities exceeding 1,000 liters. Lead times vary from 1-4 weeks depending on supplier inventory. Reputable manufacturers provide certificates of analysis (CoA) and material safety data sheets (MSDS). For international shipments, verify compliance with transportation regulations (e.g., UN 2330 for hazardous materials).
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