Barium Titanate[2]

Updated: 2026-09-18

Overview

Barium titanate (BaTiO3) is a perovskite-type ceramic material known for its ferroelectric properties. It was first synthesized in the 1940s and quickly became a cornerstone of modern electronics due to its ability to exhibit piezoelectricity and high dielectric constants. This compound is primarily produced through solid-state reactions involving barium carbonate and titanium dioxide. Its unique properties make it indispensable in applications ranging from multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs) to non-linear optics.

Physical and Chemical Properties

Barium titanate is a white, odorless powder with a density of 6.02 g/cm³. It is insoluble in water and most organic solvents but can react with strong acids. The material undergoes several phase transitions with temperature changes, influencing its dielectric behavior. At room temperature, BaTiO3 exists in a tetragonal phase, which is responsible for its ferroelectric properties. Above 120°C, it transitions to a cubic paraelectric phase, losing its spontaneous polarization. These transitions are critical for its use in temperature-sensitive devices.

Main Applications

The primary use of barium titanate is in the production of multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs), which are essential components in virtually all electronic devices. Its high dielectric constant allows for miniaturization of capacitors without sacrificing performance. Other applications include piezoelectric transducers, thermistors (PTC resistors), and electro-optic devices. In recent years, doped barium titanate has also been explored for energy storage and photovoltaic applications due to its tunable electronic properties.

Safety and Storage

While barium titanate is generally stable, precautions should be taken to avoid inhalation of dust particles, which can irritate the respiratory system. Proper personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves and masks should be used when handling the powder form. Storage should be in tightly sealed containers in a dry environment, as moisture can affect the material's properties over time. Bulk quantities should be kept in climate-controlled warehouses to prevent degradation.

B2B Procurement Guide

When procuring barium titanate industrially, key specifications to consider include purity (typically 99%+ for electronic applications), particle size distribution (which affects sintering behavior), and phase composition. Different crystal phases may be required for specific applications. Lead times can vary significantly depending on grade and quantity, with specialty formulations potentially requiring several weeks for production. It's advisable to establish long-term supply agreements with reputable manufacturers to ensure consistency in material properties.