4α-Hydroxycholesterol[2]
Overview
4α-Hydroxycholesterol is a hydroxylated oxysterol derived from cholesterol, formed via enzymatic or non-enzymatic oxidation. It is a minor but biologically active metabolite, playing roles in lipid signaling and homeostasis. Researchers study its involvement in cholesterol catabolism, inflammation, and neurodegenerative diseases. Unlike 7α-hydroxycholesterol (the major bile acid precursor), 4α-hydroxycholesterol is a minor pathway product. Its levels are elevated in conditions like oxidative stress, making it a potential biomarker for lipid peroxidation and metabolic disorders.
Physical and Chemical Properties
As a sterol, 4α-Hydroxycholesterol shares cholesterol's tetracyclic ring structure but with an additional hydroxyl group at the 4α position. This modification alters its polarity and reactivity compared to cholesterol. It is stable under inert conditions but may degrade upon prolonged exposure to light or oxygen. The compound's solubility profile favors organic solvents, limiting its use in aqueous systems without carriers like cyclodextrins. Analytical methods for detection include LC-MS and GC-MS, leveraging its distinct mass fragmentation pattern.
Main Applications
In biomedical research, 4α-Hydroxycholesterol serves as a reference standard to quantify oxysterols in plasma or tissues, aiding studies on atherosclerosis and neurodegenerative diseases. It is also used to investigate liver X receptor (LXR) modulation, as oxysterols are natural LXR ligands. Pharmaceutical industries explore its derivatives for drug development targeting lipid metabolism disorders. Additionally, it is employed in diagnostic kits to assess oxidative stress markers in clinical samples.
Safety and Storage
While 4α-Hydroxycholesterol is not classified as highly hazardous, standard laboratory precautions apply. Use personal protective equipment (PPE) to avoid skin contact or inhalation of powder. Store in airtight, amber vials at -20°C to prevent degradation. Disposal should follow local regulations for organic compounds. Avoid mixing with strong oxidizers due to potential reactivity. Stability studies suggest a shelf life of 2-3 years when stored properly.
B2B Procurement Guide
When procuring 4α-Hydroxycholesterol, prioritize suppliers with ISO certification and batch-specific COAs (Certificates of Analysis). Key specifications include purity (≥95% by HPLC), residual solvent levels, and isotopic labeling (if required for tracer studies). Bulk purchases (gram-scale) may reduce costs but require stability assurances. Consider suppliers offering custom synthesis for labeled analogs (e.g., deuterated forms). Lead times vary; specialty items may require 4-8 weeks for synthesis and QA testing.
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