Overview
4-Hydroxyacetophenone is an organic compound belonging to the aromatic ketone class. It consists of a phenol group (-OH) and an acetyl group (-COCH3) attached to a benzene ring. This versatile chemical intermediate is produced through Friedel-Crafts acylation of phenol with acetic anhydride or acetyl chloride. The compound plays a significant role in organic synthesis, particularly in the pharmaceutical and fragrance industries. Its dual functional groups make it a valuable building block for more complex molecules. Industrial production primarily occurs in China, India, and Europe, with global demand driven by end-use applications.
Physical and Chemical Properties
4-Hydroxyacetophenone appears as white to light yellow crystals with a characteristic mild phenolic odor. It exhibits typical ketone and phenol reactivity, capable of undergoing reactions at both functional groups. The compound shows moderate solubility in polar organic solvents and limited solubility in water (approximately 10g/L at 25°C). Key chemical properties include its ability to form salts with bases through the phenolic hydroxyl group and participate in carbonyl-group reactions such as condensation and reduction. The compound is relatively stable at room temperature but may decompose when heated above 300°C, releasing carbon monoxide and other decomposition products.
Main Applications
In the pharmaceutical industry, 4-Hydroxyacetophenone serves as a key intermediate for producing various drugs including analgesics, antipyretics, and anti-inflammatory medications. It's particularly valuable in synthesizing paracetamol derivatives and other phenol-containing pharmaceuticals. The fragrance industry utilizes this compound as a precursor for floral and fruity scent molecules. Additionally, it functions as a UV absorber in plastics and coatings. Emerging applications include its use in liquid crystal materials and as a starting material for specialty polymers with enhanced thermal stability.
Safety and Storage
4-Hydroxyacetophenone requires careful handling due to its potential to cause skin and eye irritation. Appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) including gloves, goggles, and protective clothing should be used when handling. The compound is not considered highly flammable but may burn at high temperatures. For storage, keep containers tightly closed in a cool, well-ventilated area away from strong oxidizers. Recommended storage temperature ranges from 15°C to 25°C. Bulk storage typically uses polyethylene-lined steel drums or polypropylene containers to prevent contamination and moisture absorption.
B2B Procurement Guide
When sourcing 4-Hydroxyacetophenone, verify the supplier's quality certifications (ISO, GMP) and request batch-specific certificates of analysis. Key specifications to check include purity (typically 98-99%), melting point range, and residual solvent content. Pharmaceutical-grade material commands premium pricing compared to industrial-grade product. Consider ordering samples for lab testing before large purchases. Logistics planning should account for the product's shelf life (typically 2 years when stored properly) and regulatory requirements for transportation. For international shipments, ensure proper HS code classification (2914.50.00 in many jurisdictions) and compliance with REACH or other regional chemical regulations.
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