Overview
4-Chloropyridine is an organochlorine compound belonging to the pyridine family, characterized by a chlorine atom at the 4-position of the heterocyclic ring. It serves as a crucial intermediate in fine chemical synthesis, particularly in pharmaceuticals and crop protection agents. The compound's reactivity stems from the electron-withdrawing chlorine substituent, which activates the ring for nucleophilic substitution reactions. Industrial production typically involves chlorination of pyridine derivatives or halogen exchange processes.
Physical and Chemical Properties
As a liquid at room temperature, 4-chloropyridine exhibits a distinct pyridine-like odor and moderate volatility. Its chlorine substituent increases the ring's electrophilicity compared to unsubstituted pyridine, making it more reactive toward nucleophiles. The compound shows stability under anhydrous conditions but may hydrolyze slowly in the presence of moisture. It forms complexes with various metal ions, a property exploited in catalyst design. UV-Vis spectroscopy typically shows absorption maxima around 260-280 nm.
Main Applications
Approximately 70% of 4-chloropyridine production is consumed by the pharmaceutical industry, where it serves as a precursor to antihistamines, antiviral drugs, and kinase inhibitors. In agrochemicals, it's used to synthesize fungicides and plant growth regulators. Additional applications include its use as a ligand in coordination chemistry and as a building block for functionalized pyridines through cross-coupling reactions. Recent research explores its potential in material science for creating conductive polymers and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs).
Safety and Storage
4-Chloropyridine requires careful handling due to its toxicity and irritant properties. Personal protective equipment (PPE) including nitrile gloves, goggles, and fume hoods are mandatory during handling. The compound is classified as harmful if swallowed (H302) and causes skin irritation (H315). Storage recommendations include amber glass or polyethylene containers with tight-fitting lids, under nitrogen atmosphere for long-term preservation. Incompatible materials include strong oxidizers and acids. Spills should be contained with inert absorbents and disposed as hazardous waste.
B2B Procurement Guide
Industrial buyers should prioritize suppliers with ISO 9001 certification and batch-specific Certificates of Analysis (CoA). Key specifications to verify include purity (typically 98-99.5%), water content (<0.5%), and absence of heavy metal contaminants. Bulk shipments commonly use 200kg steel drums or isotanks for quantities above 1 metric ton. Consider regional regulations—some countries require special import permits for chlorinated pyridines. Negotiate pricing breaks at tonnage quantities, with typical lead times of 2-4 weeks for custom synthesis orders.
Related Manufacturers
- 主营：聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇、叔胺、伯胺、染料中间体
- 主营：聚乙烯亚胺、烷基苯磺酸酯、苯基次磷酸钠、三甘醇二异辛酸酯3G8、三硫代碳酸钠40%、TS-1钛硅分子筛、六氯环三磷腈、5-甲基靛红、吡啶硫酮锌、甲巯咪唑、焦磷酸哌嗪、热敏材料、油酸甲酯、曲酸
- 主营：阻燃剂、拉那白、牛儿酮、氯菊酯、海藻糖、热敏蓝、萘磺酸、硫酸锌、催化剂、杨梅酯、檀香醚、聚醚胺、吸收剂、脂檀油、苍术素、羟钴胺、转移剂、溶剂绿、麝香酮、王浆酸、芬多精、纤维素、新戊酯、王冠醚、遮甜粉
- 主营：石油醚、四氢噻吩、顺酐、苯酐
- 主营：离子液体、咪唑、催化剂、5-二甲基吡唑、阻燃剂、正丁醇锆、四氟硼酸锂、香兰基丁醚、氟化物、全氟辛基三甲氧基硅烷、丙酮肟、双酚E型氰酸酯、叔丁基乙烯基醚、钯碳催化剂、钛硅分子筛、硫酸烟酰苯胺、丙酮缩氨基硫脲
- 主营：架桥剂、YW100 锂萃取剂、端羧基液体丁腈橡胶、10-羟基癸酸、β-磷酸三钙、1-乙炔基环已醇、苯乙烯磷酸、肉豆蔻酸镁、硬脂酸钴、全氟三丁胺、乙烯基磷酸二乙酯、磷酸锰铁锂、十一烯酸、钨酸铝、间二异丙苯、锂硅合金、溴甲酚绿、生物活性玻璃、溴代海因树脂颗粒、红铝、龙涎酮、原丁酸三甲酯
- 主营：全氟三丁胺、二苄叉山梨醇、六氟丙烯二聚体、氯吡啶盐酸盐、六氟环氧丙烷二聚体、异丙醇铝、纳米勃姆石、二异戊基硫醚、隐色结晶紫、邻菲罗啉
- 主营：磷钼酸、艾拉莫德中间体、甲基丙二酸、6-二羟基吲哚、β-丙氨酸甲酯盐酸盐、7-去氢胆固醇、2-辛基十二醇、D-荧光素钾盐、BIS-TRIS、光引发剂、苯芴醇、溴芬酸钠中间体、樟脑醌、钼酸钾、丝素蛋白、盐酸胍、聚二羟基吲哚、甘氨胆酸钠盐、半叶素、胆固醇、蛋白酶K、光引发剂LAP、甲基丙烯酸氧杂环丁烷
- 主营：三硫代碳酸钠、聚乙烯亚胺、三乙二醇二异辛酸酯、红色素-16、L-丙交酯、石油酯-T50、巯基苯并噻唑钠、乙交酯、多元醇苯甲酸酯、热压敏染料、光稳定剂、高分子降解材料
- 主营：高铁酸钾
- 主营：叔碳酸、十八醛、溶菌酶、2-甲基丁醛、10-羟基羊蜡酸、氢氯噻嗪杂质、海藻糖、癸二醇、氨基丙基、氢路噻嗪、邻苯二甲、乙基碳二、羟基癸酸、正十七烷、谷胱甘肽、烷二甲醇、松果体素、vc磷酸酯镁、朱栾倍半萜、丁烷四乙酸、表面活性剂、癸烷撑二醇、缩水甘油邻、盐酸邻菲罗啉、壳聚糖季铵盐
- 主营：杜仲素、对位酯、丙烯酸酯、4氯2吡啶甲酸甲酯、二氧化硫脲、乙基麦芽酚、饲料添加剂、油酸基硬脂酸、二苯基硅二醇
- 主营：吡啶甲酰胺盐酸盐、麦芽糖酸、苯氧基环磷腈、甲巯基四氮唑
- 主营：有机原料、中间体、香精香料、催化剂、有机硅、表面活性剂
- 主营：苄基三甲基氯化铵、聚苯胺、脯氨酸甲酯盐酸盐