4-Chlorophenacetamide

Updated: 2026-11-11

Overview

4-Chloroacetophenone is a chlorinated aromatic ketone with the chemical formula C8H7ClO. It is a versatile intermediate in organic synthesis, particularly valued for its role in producing pharmaceuticals like antihistamines and antidepressants. The compound was first synthesized in the late 19th century and remains industrially relevant due to its reactivity in Friedel-Crafts acylation reactions. Global production primarily occurs in China, India, and Europe, with major B2B suppliers offering technical (95-98%) and reagent-grade (>99%) purity. Its distinctive floral odor (similar to cherry blossoms) also makes it useful in limited fragrance applications, though this use is declining due to sensitization concerns.

Physical and Chemical Properties

As a crystalline solid, 4-chloroacetophenone exhibits moderate solubility in organic solvents like ethanol (50 g/100 mL at 20°C) but limited water solubility (0.5 g/L). Its density of 1.19 g/cm³ is typical for aromatic ketones. The compound’s melting point range of 20-22°C can vary slightly depending on crystalline purity. Chemically, it undergoes characteristic ketone reactions including nucleophilic addition and reduction to secondary alcohols. The chlorine atom at the para position activates the aromatic ring for electrophilic substitution. Stability concerns include gradual decomposition under UV light and potential oxidation if stored improperly.

Main Applications

In pharmaceuticals, 4-chloroacetophenone serves as a precursor to drugs like chlorpheniramine (antihistamine) and lofepramine (antidepressant). Approximately 60% of global production supplies this sector. Agrochemical manufacturers use it to synthesize herbicides and pesticides, leveraging its halogenated structure for bioactive molecule design. The fragrance industry employs it cautiously as a floral note enhancer, though EU regulations restrict concentrations due to allergenic potential. Emerging applications include photoresist components in electronics manufacturing, where its photosensitivity proves advantageous for UV patterning processes.

Safety and Storage

Classified as hazardous (H315-H319-H335), this compound requires proper PPE including nitrile gloves and vapor respirators during handling. Spills should be contained with inert absorbents like vermiculite. Storage must avoid light exposure—amber glass bottles or opaque HDPE containers are recommended. Incompatible materials include strong oxidizers and bases. Thermal decomposition above 237°C releases toxic chlorine gas. Facilities should maintain neutral pH waste treatment systems for disposal, complying with local regulations for halogenated organic waste.

B2B Procurement Guide

Bulk purchasers should prioritize suppliers with ISO 9001 certification and batch-specific COA documentation. Key quality indicators include melting point range (narrower indicates higher purity) and residual solvent levels (GC testing). Common packaging includes 25 kg fiber drums with polyethylene liners. Logistics require UN3077 (Environmentally Hazardous Substances) labeling for transport. Spot prices fluctuate with benzene feedstock costs—long-term contracts often secure 10-15% discounts. Sample testing for polymorphic form (alpha/beta crystals) is advised for pharmaceutical buyers, as crystal structure affects downstream processing.