Overview
3-Bromophenol is a brominated derivative of phenol with the bromine atom positioned at the meta (3) position on the benzene ring. It is a versatile intermediate in organic synthesis, particularly for pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. Due to its reactive phenolic hydroxyl group and bromine substituent, it serves as a building block for more complex molecules. The compound is synthesized through bromination of phenol or via diazotization of 3-bromoaniline. Its applications span across industries, including the production of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), herbicides, and specialty chemicals. Its role in coupling reactions and as a precursor for heterocyclic compounds makes it valuable in research and industrial settings.
Physical and Chemical Properties
3-Bromophenol exists as a colorless to pale yellow crystalline solid at room temperature. It has a distinct phenolic odor and a melting point of 30-33°C, transitioning to a liquid state slightly above room temperature. The boiling point is 236°C, and it exhibits moderate volatility under standard conditions. Its solubility profile shows high miscibility with organic solvents like ethanol, ether, and acetone, but limited solubility in water. The bromine substituent increases the compound's density (1.76 g/cm³) compared to phenol. It is stable under normal conditions but may decompose upon exposure to strong oxidizers, releasing toxic fumes of bromine and carbon monoxide.
Main Applications
In the pharmaceutical industry, 3-bromophenol is a key intermediate for synthesizing drugs such as antiseptics, analgesics, and anti-inflammatory agents. Its bromine atom facilitates further functionalization via cross-coupling reactions (e.g., Suzuki or Heck reactions), enabling the construction of complex drug molecules. Agrochemical applications include its use in herbicides and fungicides, where it acts as a precursor for brominated active ingredients. Additionally, it serves in dye manufacturing and as a reagent in organic synthesis laboratories. Its role in polymer modification and specialty chemical production further underscores its industrial versatility.
Safety and Storage
3-Bromophenol is classified as an irritant to skin, eyes, and respiratory systems. Proper personal protective equipment (PPE), including gloves, goggles, and lab coats, is mandatory during handling. Inhalation of dust or vapors should be avoided, and operations should be conducted in a fume hood. Storage requires a cool, dry environment in tightly sealed containers away from oxidizers and heat sources. Incompatible materials include strong bases and oxidizing agents. Spills should be contained with inert absorbents and disposed of as hazardous waste. Regulatory compliance (e.g., OSHA, REACH) is essential for workplace safety and environmental protection.
B2B Procurement Guide
When procuring 3-bromophenol, prioritize suppliers with certifications such as ISO 9001 or GMP to ensure quality consistency. Key specifications to verify include purity (typically ≥98%), residual solvent levels, and heavy metal content. Batch-specific COA (Certificate of Analysis) should accompany shipments. Bulk purchases (e.g., 25 kg drums) often reduce costs, but sample testing is recommended for new suppliers. Logistics should account for its solid state and potential sensitivity to temperature fluctuations. Long-term contracts with reliable manufacturers can stabilize supply chains, especially for pharmaceutical-grade material.
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