Overview
2-Propanol, commonly known as isopropyl alcohol (IPA), is a secondary alcohol with a wide range of industrial and consumer applications. It is a colorless, volatile liquid with a distinct odor and is miscible with water and many organic solvents. IPA is synthesized primarily through the hydration of propylene or by hydrogenating acetone. Due to its solvent properties and rapid evaporation rate, IPA is a staple in cleaning agents, disinfectants, and pharmaceutical formulations. Its versatility also extends to electronics manufacturing, where it is used for degreasing and removing flux residues.
Physical and Chemical Properties
2-Propanol exhibits key physical properties such as a low melting point (-89.5°C) and a boiling point of 82.6°C, making it suitable for applications requiring quick drying. Its density of 0.785 g/cm³ at 20°C is lower than water, and it forms an azeotrope with water at 87.7% IPA by weight. Chemically, IPA is a polar solvent with moderate hydrogen bonding capacity, enabling it to dissolve a wide range of non-polar and polar substances. It is also highly flammable, with a flash point of 12°C, necessitating careful handling and storage.
Main Applications
In healthcare, IPA is a primary ingredient in antiseptics and hand sanitizers due to its bactericidal and virucidal properties at concentrations of 60-90%. It is also used as a solvent in pharmaceuticals for topical preparations and tinctures. The electronics industry relies on IPA for precision cleaning of circuit boards and optical components, as it leaves minimal residue. Additionally, it serves as a degreaser in automotive and aerospace maintenance, a solvent in inks and coatings, and a component in personal care products like perfumes and lotions.
Safety and Storage
IPA is flammable and should be stored in tightly sealed containers away from ignition sources. Static electricity can pose a fire hazard, so grounding equipment is essential during transfer. Proper ventilation is required to avoid inhalation of vapors, which can cause dizziness or respiratory irritation. Personal protective equipment (PPE), including gloves and safety goggles, is recommended when handling concentrated IPA. Spills should be contained with absorbent materials and disposed of according to local regulations. Never mix IPA with bleach, as it can produce toxic chloroform.
B2B Procurement Guide
Industrial buyers should prioritize suppliers that provide certificates of analysis (CoA) to verify purity (e.g., 99.9% for electronics-grade IPA). Packaging options include 55-gallon drums, IBC totes, or bulk tankers, depending on volume needs. Consider regional logistics, as IPA is regulated for transport due to flammability. Long-term contracts may offer cost savings, but spot purchases can be advantageous during price fluctuations. Evaluate supplier reliability, lead times, and compliance with standards like USP, NF, or ASTM D770.
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