Overview
2-Phenylacetonitrile is an aromatic nitrile compound primarily used as a chemical intermediate in organic synthesis. Industrially, it’s produced via the reaction of benzyl chloride with sodium cyanide. Its molecular structure combines a benzene ring with an acetonitrile group, granting reactivity useful for further chemical modifications. The compound holds significance in fine chemical manufacturing, particularly for pharmaceuticals like amphetamines and antihistamines. Its almond-like aroma also makes it valuable in fragrance applications, though its toxicity limits direct use in consumer products.
Physical and Chemical Properties
As a liquid at room temperature, 2-phenylacetonitrile exhibits moderate volatility with a boiling point of 233-234°C. Its density (1.015 g/cm³) is slightly higher than water, and it demonstrates limited water solubility but excellent compatibility with most organic solvents like ethanol and diethyl ether. Chemically, the nitrile group is highly polar, enabling reactions such as hydrolysis to carboxylic acids or reduction to primary amines. The compound’s flammability (flash point: 102°C) and toxicity necessitate careful handling under controlled conditions to avoid inhalation or skin contact.
Main Applications
In pharmaceuticals, 2-phenylacetonitrile serves as a precursor for antidepressants (e.g., phenelzine) and stimulants. Its conversion to phenylacetic acid—a key ingredient in penicillin production—further underscores its industrial importance. The agrochemical sector utilizes derivatives for pesticide synthesis, while perfumery applications leverage its aromatic properties in trace amounts. Recent research explores its role in synthesizing liquid crystals and specialty polymers, expanding its utility in advanced materials.
Safety and Storage
Classified as harmful (H302/H312/H332) and flammable (H226), 2-phenylacetonitrile requires storage in tightly sealed containers made of glass or approved plastics. Ideal conditions include temperatures below 30°C with inert gas (nitrogen) padding to prevent degradation. Personal protective equipment (PPE) such as nitrile gloves and vapor respirators is mandatory during handling. Spill management involves absorption with inert materials like sand, followed by disposal as hazardous waste according to local regulations.
B2B Procurement Guide
Industrial buyers should prioritize suppliers with ISO 9001 certification and batch-specific Certificates of Analysis (CoA). Key specifications include purity (≥98%), water content (<0.5%), and absence of heavy metal contaminants. Bulk procurement (drums or IBCs) typically reduces costs by 15-20% compared to small-scale packaging. Consider regional logistics—for example, Chinese manufacturers often offer competitive pricing but may incur longer lead times versus European stockists. Always confirm REACH/OSHA compliance for international shipments.
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