Overview
2-Hydroxynicotinic Acid is an organic compound belonging to the pyridine carboxylic acid family. It serves as a versatile intermediate in pharmaceutical and agrochemical synthesis due to its bifunctional structure containing both a hydroxyl and a carboxylic acid group. The compound is typically produced through controlled oxidation reactions of nicotinic acid derivatives. In industrial contexts, it is valued for its role in synthesizing more complex molecules, particularly in drug development where it may serve as a building block for active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). Its relatively simple structure makes it a useful starting material for various chemical transformations.
Physical and Chemical Properties
As a crystalline solid, 2-Hydroxynicotinic Acid exhibits moderate solubility in polar solvents like water and alcohols, with decreased solubility in non-polar organic solvents. The compound demonstrates typical weak acid behavior, capable of forming salts with bases. Its melting point with decomposition around 270-275°C indicates reasonable thermal stability for most processing conditions. The molecule's reactivity is primarily centered at its carboxylic acid and hydroxyl functional groups, making it amenable to esterification, amidation, and other common organic reactions. Its UV-visible spectrum shows characteristic absorption in the 250-300 nm range, useful for analytical identification and quality control purposes.
Main Applications
In the pharmaceutical industry, 2-Hydroxynicotinic Acid finds application as an intermediate in the synthesis of various drug molecules, particularly those containing pyridine moieties. It may serve as a precursor for anti-inflammatory agents, antibacterial compounds, or neurological medications. The agrochemical sector utilizes this compound in the production of certain pesticides and herbicides, where its structural features contribute to biological activity. Additionally, research laboratories employ it as a reagent in organic synthesis projects and as a standard in analytical chemistry applications.
Safety and Storage
While not classified as extremely hazardous, 2-Hydroxynicotinic Acid requires standard laboratory precautions including proper ventilation, gloves, and eye protection. The material safety data sheet (MSDS) should be consulted for specific handling instructions. In case of skin contact, wash immediately with plenty of water. For long-term storage, maintain the chemical in its original tightly sealed container under ambient conditions, protected from moisture and direct sunlight. Bulk quantities should be stored in a dedicated chemical storage area with appropriate secondary containment to prevent accidental spills. Shelf life typically exceeds two years when stored properly.
B2B Procurement Guide
When sourcing 2-Hydroxynicotinic Acid, buyers should specify required purity levels (typically 97-99%) and physical form (powder or crystalline). Pharmaceutical-grade material commands higher prices but may be necessary for regulated applications. Request certificates of analysis (CoA) for each batch to verify identity and purity. Consider minimum order quantities and lead times when planning purchases. For regular requirements, establishing long-term supply agreements with reputable manufacturers can ensure consistent quality and potentially better pricing. Always verify the supplier's ability to provide proper documentation including SDS and transportation classification information.
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