2-Hydroxy-4-bromobenzoic acid

Updated: 2026-08-26

Overview

2-Hydroxy-4-bromobenzoic acid is a brominated derivative of salicylic acid, primarily used as an intermediate in pharmaceutical and fine chemical synthesis. Its molecular structure combines a carboxylic acid group with a hydroxyl group and a bromine atom, making it versatile for further chemical modifications. This compound is typically synthesized through bromination of 2-hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid). It is valued in B2B markets for its role in producing active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and specialty chemicals, particularly in anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial drug development.

Physical and Chemical Properties

The compound appears as a white to off-white crystalline powder with moderate solubility in polar organic solvents like ethanol and methanol. Its melting point ranges between 215-220°C, often with decomposition. The bromine atom enhances its reactivity in electrophilic substitution reactions. Key chemical properties include its acidity (pKa ~2.8 for the carboxyl group) and susceptibility to decarboxylation at elevated temperatures. The hydroxyl group allows for chelation or further derivatization, while the bromine serves as a leaving group in nucleophilic aromatic substitutions.

Main Applications

In pharmaceuticals, 2-hydroxy-4-bromobenzoic acid is a precursor for nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and antimicrobial agents. Its structure is incorporated into molecules targeting cyclooxygenase enzymes. The compound also finds use in agrochemicals as a building block for herbicides and fungicides. In material science, it serves as a monomer for specialty polymers with UV-absorbing or flame-retardant properties. Research laboratories employ it as a reagent for synthesizing brominated aromatic scaffolds.

Safety and Storage

As a brominated aromatic compound, it requires careful handling to avoid inhalation or skin contact. Safety data sheets classify it as an irritant, necessitating gloves, goggles, and proper ventilation in industrial settings. For storage, maintain temperatures below 25°C in tightly sealed containers with desiccants to prevent moisture absorption. Incompatible with strong oxidizers and bases. Shelf life typically exceeds 24 months when stored correctly, but discoloration may indicate degradation.

B2B Procurement Guide

Industrial buyers should prioritize suppliers with ISO-certified manufacturing facilities and batch-specific Certificates of Analysis (CoA). Key specifications include purity (≥98% for most applications), residual solvent levels, and heavy metal content. Bulk pricing varies significantly based on order volume (kilograms to metric tons) and purity grade. Consider requesting samples for HPLC/GC-MS verification before large purchases. Logistics should account for chemical regulations in transit, particularly for international shipments requiring hazardous material documentation.