Overview
2-Bromoethanol is an organobromine compound with the formula C2H5BrO. It is a halogenated alcohol primarily used as a chemical intermediate in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and specialty chemicals. The compound is characterized by its reactivity due to the presence of both a hydroxyl group and a bromine atom, making it valuable for nucleophilic substitution reactions. In industrial settings, 2-bromoethanol is typically produced by the reaction of ethylene oxide with hydrogen bromide. Its versatility in organic synthesis has established it as a key building block for more complex molecules, particularly in the development of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and crop protection agents.
Physical and Chemical Properties
2-Bromoethanol is a colorless to pale yellow liquid with a density of 1.762 g/cm³ at 20°C. It has a boiling point of 149-150°C and is miscible with water and most organic solvents, including ethanol, ether, and acetone. The compound's molecular weight is 124.97 g/mol, and it exhibits moderate volatility under standard conditions. Chemically, 2-bromoethanol is reactive due to its bifunctional nature. The bromine atom can participate in nucleophilic substitution reactions, while the hydroxyl group allows for further derivatization through esterification or etherification. This dual functionality makes it particularly useful in multi-step synthetic pathways where selective transformations are required.
Main Applications
The primary use of 2-bromoethanol is as an intermediate in organic synthesis. In the pharmaceutical industry, it serves as a precursor for various drugs, including beta-blockers and antiviral agents. Its ability to introduce both bromine and hydroxyl functionalities makes it valuable for constructing complex molecular architectures. In agrochemical applications, 2-bromoethanol is used to synthesize herbicides and insecticides. The compound also finds use in polymer chemistry as a modifier for resins and plastics, where it can impart flame retardant properties or serve as a crosslinking agent. Additionally, it is employed in research laboratories for the preparation of specialty chemicals and reagents.
Safety and Storage
2-Bromoethanol is classified as toxic and requires careful handling. It can cause severe skin and eye irritation, and inhalation or ingestion may lead to systemic toxicity. Appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including gloves, goggles, and respiratory protection, should be used when handling this chemical. Storage should be in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from oxidizers and strong bases. Containers should be tightly sealed and made of compatible materials such as glass or certain plastics. In case of spills, absorb with inert material and dispose of according to local regulations. Always consult the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for specific handling and disposal guidelines.
B2B Procurement Guide
When procuring 2-bromoethanol, buyers should verify the CAS number (540-51-2) to ensure product authenticity. Specifications should include purity level (typically 95-99%), water content, and any impurities of concern. Technical data sheets and certificates of analysis should be requested from suppliers. Bulk purchases often offer cost advantages, but consider storage limitations and shelf life. Reliable suppliers should demonstrate compliance with international chemical regulations (REACH, TSCA, etc.) and provide proper documentation for transportation. For pharmaceutical applications, GMP-grade material may be required. Establish clear quality control parameters and consider supplier audits for critical applications.
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