Overview
2-Nonanol is a nine-carbon secondary alcohol with widespread industrial applications. It belongs to the aliphatic alcohol family and is valued for its solvent properties and role as a chemical intermediate. As a mid-chain alcohol, it strikes a balance between hydrophobicity and solubility, making it useful in formulations requiring moderate polarity. Its production typically involves the oxidation of nonene or hydroformylation of octene.
Physical and Chemical Properties
The compound presents as a clear, low-viscosity liquid with a characteristic mild alcoholic odor. Its density of 0.82 g/cm³ makes it lighter than water, and its boiling range of 195-198°C indicates moderate volatility. Chemically, 2-nonanol exhibits typical secondary alcohol reactivity, participating in esterification, oxidation, and nucleophilic substitution reactions. The hydroxyl group at the second carbon position creates a stereocenter, giving rise to R and S enantiomers.
Main Applications
In the fragrance industry, 2-nonanol serves as a building block for floral and citrus notes, particularly in soap and detergent perfumes. Its mild odor and stability make it suitable for long-lasting fragrance formulations. The chemical's solvent properties find use in coatings, inks, and cleaning formulations where slower evaporation rates are desired. Additionally, it acts as an intermediate in synthesizing plasticizers like nonyl esters for PVC applications.
Safety and Storage
As with many organic solvents, proper ventilation and personal protective equipment (gloves, goggles) are recommended when handling 2-nonanol. Although not highly toxic, prolonged exposure may cause skin irritation or respiratory discomfort. Storage should be in approved containers (stainless steel or HDPE) away from oxidizers and heat sources. Bulk storage tanks should incorporate grounding to prevent static discharge, as the liquid is flammable above its flash point of 82°C.
B2B Procurement Guide
Industrial buyers should specify technical grade (typically 98-99% purity) for most applications, with fragrance grade requiring additional impurity profiling. Packaging options range from 200kg drums to isotanks for bulk shipments. Key quality indicators include hydroxyl value (380-390 mg KOH/g), acid value (<0.1 mg KOH/g), and moisture content (<0.1%). Leading manufacturers are concentrated in Europe, North America, and China, with regional pricing variations based on feedstock costs.
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