Overview
1,9-Nonanedithiol is an organic compound featuring two thiol (-SH) functional groups at the terminal positions of a nine-carbon chain. It serves as a versatile reagent in materials science and organic chemistry due to its ability to form disulfide bonds or act as a reducing agent. The compound is commonly used in polymer cross-linking, surface functionalization of nanoparticles, and biochemical assays. Its bifunctional nature makes it valuable for creating self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on gold and other metal surfaces, enhancing adhesion or enabling further chemical modifications. Industrial and academic researchers often procure it in small quantities for specialized applications.
Physical and Chemical Properties
1,9-Nonanedithiol is a colorless to pale yellow liquid with a characteristic sulfurous odor. It has a molecular weight of 192.38 g/mol and a density close to 0.96 g/cm³. The compound is soluble in common organic solvents like ethanol, acetone, and diethyl ether but exhibits negligible solubility in water. The thiol groups are highly reactive, enabling participation in redox reactions and nucleophilic substitutions. Its boiling point ranges between 280-290°C, though precise measurements depend on atmospheric conditions. Stability concerns include oxidation to disulfides, necessitating storage under inert atmospheres.
Main Applications
In polymer chemistry, 1,9-nonanedithiol acts as a cross-linker to enhance mechanical properties of elastomers or thermosetting resins. It is also employed in the synthesis of conductive polymers for flexible electronics. Materials scientists use it to functionalize gold nanoparticles and quantum dots, improving dispersion or enabling bio-conjugation. In biochemistry, it serves as a reducing agent to cleave disulfide bonds in proteins. Emerging applications include its use in nanotechnology for creating molecular junctions and sensors.
Safety and Storage
Due to its flammability and potential for skin/eye irritation, 1,9-nonanedithiol requires careful handling. Always work in a well-ventilated fume hood and wear nitrile gloves, safety goggles, and flame-resistant lab attire. Store the compound in amber glass bottles under nitrogen or argon to prevent oxidation. Avoid contact with strong oxidizers, acids, or bases. Spills should be neutralized with an appropriate absorbent (e.g., vermiculite) and disposed of as hazardous waste.
B2B Procurement Guide
When sourcing 1,9-nonanedithiol, verify the CAS number (5842-00-2) to ensure product accuracy. Suppliers typically offer purities ranging from 90% to 98%, with higher grades preferred for sensitive applications like nanomaterials. Request certificates of analysis (CoA) for batch-specific data on purity and impurities. Lead times may vary; specialty orders or bulk quantities (>100g) often require extended production schedules. Consider suppliers with ISO certification for consistent quality control.
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