1,3-Dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone[5]

Updated: 2026-09-20

Overview

1,3-Dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMI) is a polar aprotic solvent widely used in chemical synthesis and industrial applications. Its high boiling point and excellent solvency make it a preferred choice for reactions requiring stable and inert conditions. DMI is particularly valued in pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals for its ability to dissolve a wide range of organic and inorganic compounds. First synthesized in the mid-20th century, DMI has become a staple in laboratories and manufacturing facilities. Its low toxicity and environmental impact compared to alternatives like dimethylformamide (DMF) have further boosted its adoption. The solvent is also used in electronics for cleaning and coating applications due to its non-corrosive nature.

Physical and Chemical Properties

DMI is a colorless to pale yellow liquid with a density of 1.06 g/cm³ at 20°C. It has a melting point of 8°C and a boiling point of 225°C, making it stable under high-temperature conditions. The solvent is miscible with water and most organic solvents, including alcohols, ethers, and chlorinated hydrocarbons. Its polar aprotic nature stems from the carbonyl group and nitrogen atoms in its structure, which enable it to dissolve polar and non-polar substances. DMI exhibits low volatility and minimal odor, reducing workplace hazards. Its thermal stability and non-reactivity with common reagents make it suitable for prolonged use in synthetic processes.

Main Applications

In the pharmaceutical industry, DMI is used as a reaction medium for APIs (Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients) and intermediates. Its ability to dissolve both hydrophilic and hydrophobic compounds simplifies synthesis and purification steps. Agrochemical formulations also leverage DMI to enhance the solubility of pesticides and herbicides. The electronics industry employs DMI for cleaning circuit boards and as a carrier solvent for conductive inks. Its non-corrosive properties prevent damage to delicate components. Other applications include polymer processing, where DMI acts as a plasticizer or solvent for resins, and lithium-ion battery production, where it aids in electrolyte formulation.

Safety and Storage

While DMI is considered low-toxicity, prolonged exposure can cause skin and eye irritation. Proper PPE, including gloves and goggles, is recommended when handling the solvent. Ensure workspaces are well-ventilated to avoid inhalation of vapors, though its low volatility minimizes this risk. Store DMI in tightly sealed containers away from heat sources and oxidizing agents. Although non-flammable, decomposition at high temperatures can release hazardous gases. Bulk storage should use corrosion-resistant materials like stainless steel or high-density polyethylene (HDPE). Spills should be contained with absorbent materials and disposed of according to local regulations.

B2B Procurement Guide

When procuring DMI, specify the required purity grade (e.g., ≥99% for pharmaceutical use). Suppliers typically offer technical and electronic grades, with prices ranging from $20 to $50 per kg. Bulk purchases (drums or totes) may qualify for discounts. Verify supplier certifications, such as ISO or GMP compliance, for critical applications. Request SDS (Safety Data Sheets) and CoA (Certificate of Analysis) to ensure quality consistency. Logistics should account for DMI’s liquid state and non-hazardous classification, though some regions may regulate it as a controlled solvent. Establish long-term contracts with reliable suppliers to mitigate price volatility.