1,3-Dichloro-2-propanol[2]

Updated: 2026-09-14

Overview

1,3-Dichloro-2-propanol is a chlorinated derivative of propanol, primarily used as an intermediate in chemical synthesis. Its reactive chlorine groups make it valuable for producing epichlorohydrin, which is further used in epoxy resins and other polymers. The compound is also employed in pharmaceutical manufacturing due to its ability to introduce chlorine atoms into molecular structures. Industrial production typically involves the chlorination of glycerol or propylene, followed by purification processes. As a versatile building block, it finds applications across multiple industries, though its toxicity requires careful handling and regulatory compliance.

Physical and Chemical Properties

This chlorohydrin exists as a colorless to slightly yellow liquid with a characteristic chloroform-like odor. Its relatively high density (1.36 g/cm³) and boiling point (174-175°C) reflect its polar nature and hydrogen bonding capacity. The compound demonstrates good solubility in both polar (water, alcohols) and non-polar (ethers) solvents, facilitating its use in various reaction systems. Chemically, 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol is reactive toward nucleophiles due to its halogen substituents. It can undergo substitution reactions with amines or hydroxide ions, and is susceptible to oxidation under strong conditions. These properties dictate its storage requirements and handling precautions in industrial settings.

Main Applications

The primary industrial use of 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol is in the production of epichlorohydrin, a key monomer for epoxy resins that are widely used in adhesives, coatings, and composite materials. In pharmaceutical synthesis, it serves as a chlorinating agent and building block for various active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). Additional applications include its use as a solvent in specialty chemical formulations and as an intermediate in the synthesis of surfactants and plasticizers. The compound's bifunctional nature (containing both hydroxyl and chloro groups) makes it particularly valuable for creating cross-linked polymers and other complex molecular architectures.

Safety and Storage

As a chlorinated compound, 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol requires strict safety measures. It is classified as harmful if swallowed, inhaled, or absorbed through skin, and can cause severe eye irritation. Proper personal protective equipment (PPE) including chemical-resistant gloves, goggles, and respiratory protection should be used when handling. Storage should be in tightly sealed containers made of compatible materials (stainless steel or certain plastics) in cool, well-ventilated areas separate from strong oxidizers and bases. Spill containment measures should be in place, and disposal must comply with local environmental regulations for halogenated organic compounds.

B2B Procurement Guide

When sourcing 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol, buyers should verify supplier certifications for handling hazardous chemicals and request detailed safety data sheets (SDS). Technical specifications should include purity levels (typically 98-99%), water content, and absence of key impurities that might affect downstream applications. Bulk procurement (drum quantities or larger) typically offers better pricing, but requires appropriate storage facilities. Consider regional suppliers to minimize transportation risks and costs. Quality control measures should include certificate of analysis verification and potentially third-party testing for critical applications like pharmaceutical use.