1,3-Dihydroxybenzene

Updated: 2026-07-15

Overview

1,3-Dihydroxybenzene, commonly known as resorcinol, is an organic compound belonging to the phenol family. It is a white to light pink crystalline powder with a faint characteristic odor. Resorcinol is primarily used in the production of resins, dyes, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products due to its ability to form stable complexes and its antiseptic properties. The compound was first isolated in 1864 by the German chemist Heinrich Hlasiwetz. Since then, its applications have expanded significantly, making it a valuable chemical in various industrial sectors. Its versatility and reactivity make it a key intermediate in organic synthesis.

Physical and Chemical Properties

1,3-Dihydroxybenzene exhibits a melting point of 110-112 °C and a boiling point of 280 °C. It is soluble in water, alcohol, and ether, with a density of 1.28 g/cm³. The compound is stable under normal conditions but can decompose when exposed to strong oxidizing agents, releasing toxic fumes. Resorcinol is known for its reducing properties and ability to form stable complexes with formaldehyde, which is why it is widely used in adhesive formulations. Its antiseptic and keratolytic properties make it useful in dermatological applications, particularly in treating acne and other skin conditions.

Main Applications

Resorcinol is extensively used in the pharmaceutical industry as an active ingredient in antiseptic and disinfectant formulations. It is also a key component in hair dyes and skin care products due to its ability to reduce irritation and promote skin exfoliation. In the industrial sector, resorcinol is used in the production of adhesives, particularly for wood and rubber bonding. Its ability to form stable resins with formaldehyde makes it indispensable in the manufacturing of high-performance adhesives. Additionally, it serves as an intermediate in the synthesis of dyes, UV absorbers, and flame retardants.

Safety and Storage

1,3-Dihydroxybenzene is classified as harmful if swallowed or inhaled and can cause skin and eye irritation. Proper personal protective equipment (PPE), such as gloves and goggles, should be worn when handling the substance. Adequate ventilation is essential to prevent inhalation of dust or fumes. The compound should be stored in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from oxidizing agents and incompatible materials. Containers should be tightly sealed to prevent moisture absorption and contamination. Spills should be cleaned up immediately using appropriate absorbent materials and disposed of in accordance with local regulations.

B2B Procurement Guide

When procuring 1,3-Dihydroxybenzene, it is crucial to verify the purity and quality of the product. Suppliers should provide certificates of analysis (CoA) and comply with industry standards such as USP, BP, or EP for pharmaceutical-grade resorcinol. Bulk buyers should also consider the supplier's logistics capabilities and storage conditions to ensure product integrity. Price negotiations should take into account the quantity, purity, and packaging requirements. For reference, the price ranges from approximately $5 to $15 per kg, depending on these factors. Long-term contracts with reliable suppliers can help stabilize costs and ensure a consistent supply chain.