Overview
1,2-Dichloroethane (EDC) is an organochlorine compound primarily produced by the chlorination of ethylene. It serves as a critical feedstock in vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) production, which is polymerized to make polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Industrial-grade EDC typically has a purity of ≥99.5%. First synthesized in 1795, EDC gained commercial significance in the 20th century with the growth of the PVC industry. Modern production methods include direct chlorination and oxychlorination of ethylene, with global capacity exceeding 30 million metric tons annually.
Physical and Chemical Properties
As a dense, volatile liquid, EDC exhibits excellent solvency for fats, oils, and numerous organic compounds. Its vapor is 3.4 times heavier than air, creating potential accumulation hazards in low-lying areas. The compound forms explosive mixtures with air (LEL 6.2%, UEL 16%). Chemically, EDC undergoes dehydrochlorination to form vinyl chloride at high temperatures (>400°C). It reacts violently with strong oxidizers and alkali metals. The Henry's Law constant of 1.1 × 10⁻³ atm·m³/mol indicates moderate volatility from aqueous solutions.
Main Applications
Over 90% of global EDC production feeds VCM manufacturing. In solvent applications, it's used for extraction processes, adhesives formulation, and textile cleaning. Specialty uses include lead scavenger in leaded gasoline (phased out in most countries) and fumigant for grain storage (restricted in many jurisdictions). The chemical intermediate market utilizes EDC for synthesizing ethylenediamine, ethyleneamines, and other chlorinated derivatives. Emerging applications include its use as a carrier fluid in shale gas extraction, though environmental concerns limit this practice.
Safety and Storage
Classified as a Category 1B carcinogen (EU CLP), EDC requires strict exposure controls. Workplace air concentrations should not exceed 1 ppm (8-hour TWA). Storage tanks should be grounded, equipped with pressure/vacuum vents, and constructed from carbon steel or lined materials. Firefighting requires alcohol-resistant foam due to EDC's water solubility. Spills should be contained using non-combustible absorbents like vermiculite. Personal protective equipment must include chemical goggles, butyl rubber gloves, and supplied-air respirators for handling concentrated material.
B2B Procurement Guide
Industrial buyers should specify technical grade (≥99.5%) or polymer grade (≥99.9%) based on application needs. Bulk purchases typically ship in isotanks (20-25 MT) or drums (200 kg). Key quality parameters include water content (<100 ppm), acidity (as HCl <10 ppm), and non-volatile residue (<50 ppm). Consider regional production clusters - major suppliers operate in the US Gulf Coast, Western Europe, and Northeast Asia. Just-in-time procurement is advisable due to EDC's classification as a hazardous material. Long-term contracts often include price adjustment clauses linked to ethylene and chlorine markets.
Related Manufacturers
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