Overview
1,1-Dichloroethylene (VDC) is a chlorinated hydrocarbon primarily used as a monomer for polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC), a barrier plastic for food packaging. First commercialized in the 1930s, its production involves dehydrochlorination of 1,1,2-trichloroethane. Industrial grades typically contain stabilizers like phenothiazine to prevent hazardous polymerization. As a volatile organic compound (VOC), VDC is regulated under environmental guidelines such as EPA and REACH. Its global market is driven by demand for high-barrier films in pharmaceuticals and processed foods, though alternatives are emerging due to environmental concerns.
Physical and Chemical Properties
VDC exists as a colorless liquid at room temperature, vaporizing readily to form flammable gas (flash point: -19°C). Its low boiling point (31.6°C) necessitates pressurized storage. The compound exhibits moderate solubility in water (2.5 g/L at 20°C) but fully miscible with ethanol, ether, and chloroform. Chemically, VDC undergoes addition polymerization and reacts vigorously with oxidizers. Inhibited grades contain 50-200 ppm stabilizers to prevent runaway polymerization during storage. The vapor is 3.4 times heavier than air, requiring careful handling to avoid accumulation in low-lying areas.
Main Applications
Over 80% of VDC production is used for PVDC copolymers, notably Saran resins for multilayer food packaging films. These films provide exceptional oxygen/moisture barriers, extending shelf life of perishables. VDC also serves as an intermediate in pharmaceuticals and specialty adhesives. In smaller volumes, it's employed as a solvent for waxes and resins. Emerging applications include modification of acrylic fibers and flame-retardant additives. Japanese manufacturers pioneered VDC-based barrier coatings for PET bottles, though this use has declined with recycling challenges.
Safety and Storage
VDC requires stringent safety measures due to its flammability (LEL 6.5%) and suspected carcinogenicity (IARC Group 2B). Storage tanks should be grounded, nitrogen-blanketed, and equipped with temperature alarms. OSHA's permissible exposure limit is 1 ppm (8-hour TWA). Inhibited grades must be monitored for stabilizer depletion, especially when stored above 30°C. Firefighting requires dry chemical or CO2 extinguishers—water spray may spread flames. Spill containment should use non-combustible absorbents like vermiculite, never sawdust or organic materials.
B2B Procurement Guide
Industrial buyers should prioritize suppliers offering: 1) Batch analysis certificates with stabilizer content 2) ISO 9001/14001 certification 3) Dedicated chemical transport with UN 1303 labeling. Bulk shipments (ISO tanks or railcars) typically offer 10-15% cost savings versus drum quantities. Key negotiation points include multi-year contracts with price adjustment clauses and minimum inhibitor guarantees. Asian suppliers dominate production, but EU/US sources may provide better regulatory documentation. Always verify SDS compliance with local regulations (e.g., TSCA, CLP) before purchase.
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