11 Flavonoids
Overview
11 Flavonoids represent a curated selection of bioactive polyphenolic compounds found abundantly in plants. These secondary metabolites share a common 15-carbon skeleton structure (C6-C3-C6) but differ in oxidation patterns and substituents. They are classified into subgroups including flavones, flavonols, flavanones, isoflavones, and anthocyanidins. In nature, flavonoids serve protective roles for plants against UV radiation, pathogens, and herbivores. For human applications, they are valued for their diverse biological activities, ranging from antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects to potential cardiovascular and neuroprotective benefits. Commercial extracts are typically derived from citrus fruits, berries, tea, and medicinal herbs.
Physical and Chemical Properties
The 11 Flavonoids exhibit varied but related physical properties. Most appear as yellow to colorless crystalline powders with characteristic UV absorption between 240-400 nm, enabling analytical detection. Their polarity differs significantly - flavone glycosides show higher water solubility than their aglycone counterparts due to sugar moieties. Chemically, flavonoids are notable for their redox-active phenolic groups which confer antioxidant capacity through hydrogen atom transfer or single electron transfer mechanisms. Many form stable chelates with transition metals like iron and copper. Their stability varies - some are sensitive to light, heat, and alkaline conditions, requiring careful processing and storage.
Main Applications
In pharmaceuticals, specific flavonoids are incorporated into formulations for vascular protection (rutin), anti-allergic effects (quercetin), and hepatoprotection (silymarin). Their ability to modulate cell signaling pathways makes them promising candidates for adjunctive cancer therapies. The nutraceutical industry utilizes flavonoid blends in dietary supplements targeting oxidative stress reduction and immune support. Cosmetic applications leverage their UV absorption and collagen-stabilizing properties in anti-aging serums and sun care products. Emerging uses include natural food preservatives and functional food additives.
Safety and Storage
Most flavonoids have excellent safety profiles with LD50 values >2,000 mg/kg in rodent studies. However, high doses of certain types (e.g., genistein) may exhibit estrogenic activity. Typical purity specifications for commercial grades require <0.1% residual solvents and heavy metals. Proper storage involves double-bagged aluminized pouches with desiccants, maintained at controlled room temperature or refrigerated conditions. Shelf life typically ranges 2-3 years when protected from moisture and oxidation. For laboratory use, working solutions should be prepared fresh due to potential degradation in aqueous media.
B2B Procurement Guide
Industrial buyers should specify: 1) Target flavonoid profile by HPLC, 2) Solvent residues compliance (USP/EP standards), 3) Certificate of Analysis including heavy metals and microbial counts, 4) Organic/non-GMO certifications if required. Bulk pharmaceutical purchases typically require DMF or CEP documentation. Leading sourcing regions include China for cost-effective standardized extracts (70-80% purity) and Europe for high-purity (>98%) isolates. Minimum order quantities range from 1kg for rare flavonoids to metric tons for commodity ingredients like citrus bioflavonoids. Payment terms commonly involve 30% deposit with LC at sight.
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