Overview
1,1-Dichloroethane is a chlorinated hydrocarbon primarily used as an industrial solvent and intermediate in chemical synthesis. It is produced by chlorination of ethane or ethylene. The compound's volatility and solvency make it valuable in manufacturing processes, though its use is declining due to environmental and health concerns. In B2B contexts, it is typically supplied in bulk quantities (200L drums or ISO tanks) with purity levels ranging from 98% to 99.9%. Major producers are located in North America, Europe, and Asia, with global trade governed by chemical safety regulations.
Physical and Chemical Properties
As a volatile liquid with a density heavier than water, 1,1-dichloroethane evaporates quickly at room temperature. Its vapor is 3.4 times denser than air, requiring careful ventilation in workspaces. The compound forms azeotropes with water and alcohols, affecting its purification and recovery processes. Chemically, it is stable under normal conditions but decomposes when heated above 250°C, producing hydrogen chloride and phosgene. It reacts vigorously with strong oxidizers and alkali metals. These properties dictate handling requirements in industrial applications.
Main Applications
The primary use of 1,1-dichloroethane is as a solvent for vinyl resins, adhesives, and coatings where rapid evaporation is required. It serves as a degreasing agent in metal cleaning and as an extraction solvent in pharmaceutical manufacturing. In chemical synthesis, it acts as an intermediate for producing 1,1,1-trichloroethane (now phased out) and other chlorinated compounds. Niche applications include refrigerant blends and aerosol propellants, though these are being phased out under Montreal Protocol regulations.
Safety and Storage
1,1-Dichloroethane requires strict safety measures due to its flammability (flash point -10°C) and toxicity. Work areas need explosion-proof equipment and vapor detectors. PPE including chemical goggles, respirators with organic vapor cartridges, and neoprene gloves are mandatory. Storage tanks should be grounded and bonded, with secondary containment to prevent environmental release. Incompatible materials include strong oxidizers, alkali metals, and aluminum. Firefighting requires dry chemical or CO2 extinguishers – water may be ineffective and spread the fire.
B2B Procurement Guide
When sourcing 1,1-dichloroethane, buyers should verify the product's assay (typically 99% minimum), water content (<0.1%), and acid content (as HCl, <10ppm). Technical grade suffices for most solvent applications, while synthesis requires higher purity. Packaging options include 200kg steel drums, 1000kg IBCs, or bulk shipments. Lead times vary by region – Asian suppliers typically offer 2-4 week delivery, while European stocks may require 6-8 weeks. Always request updated SDS and compliance certificates for your jurisdiction.
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