2,4,6-Trihydroxybenzophenone

Updated: 2026-09-17

Overview

2,4,6-Trihydroxybenzophenone (THBP) is a multifunctional organic compound belonging to the benzophenone class. Its molecular structure features three hydroxyl groups, enabling reactivity in synthetic chemistry and UV-absorbing capabilities. Industrially, it serves as a precursor for benzophenone-type UV stabilizers, which protect plastics and coatings from photodegradation. The compound is synthesized through Friedel-Crafts acylation or other hydroxylation processes. Its moderate polarity and stability make it suitable for formulations requiring controlled release of phenolic groups. While not directly used in end products, THBP's derivatives are critical in industries ranging from automotive to packaging.

Physical and Chemical Properties

THBP exhibits a crystalline structure with a light yellow to white appearance, depending on purity. Its melting point ranges between 160-165°C, indicating thermal stability for most processing conditions. The compound demonstrates strong UV absorption in the 280-350 nm range, a property leveraged in stabilizer formulations. Solubility is a key consideration: THBP dissolves readily in polar organic solvents like ethanol and acetone but has limited water solubility (<0.1 g/L). This hydrophobic nature influences its applications in polymer systems. The phenolic hydroxyl groups contribute to mild acidity (pKa ~8-10) and chelating potential.

Main Applications

The primary use of THBP is as an intermediate in synthesizing UV absorbers such as benzophenone-3 and benzophenone-8. These derivatives are incorporated into sunscreens, plastics (e.g., PVC, polycarbonates), and coatings to prevent yellowing and embrittlement from sunlight exposure. In specialty chemistry, THBP participates in condensation reactions to form flavonoid analogs or serves as a ligand in metal complexes. Emerging applications include organic electronics, where its conjugated system aids charge transport. Pharmaceutical research also explores its antioxidant properties.

Safety and Storage

THBP poses low acute toxicity but requires standard laboratory precautions. Dust control measures are recommended during handling to prevent respiratory irritation. Gloves and goggles should be worn to minimize skin/eye contact. No significant environmental hazards are reported, but disposal should follow local regulations for phenolic compounds. For storage, maintain temperatures below 30°C in tightly sealed containers. Avoid exposure to strong oxidizers or alkaline substances that may trigger decomposition. Shelf life typically exceeds two years when stored properly, with minimal degradation observed under inert atmospheres.

B2B Procurement Guide

Industrial buyers should prioritize suppliers with ISO-certified production facilities to ensure consistent purity (typically 98-99%). Batch-specific Certificates of Analysis (COA) must confirm identity (via HPLC/FTIR), residual solvents, and heavy metal content. Technical grade is sufficient for most synthetic applications, while pharmaceutical-grade commands premium pricing. Packaging options include foil-lined bags (5-25kg) or fiber drums for bulk orders. Just-in-time procurement is advisable due to moderate demand fluctuations. Asian manufacturers dominate supply, with lead times of 2-4 weeks for custom quantities. Sample testing is recommended to verify compatibility with downstream processes.