1,2,4,5-Tetramethylbenzene[2]
Overview
1,2,4,5-Tetramethylbenzene, commonly known as durene, is a derivative of benzene with four methyl groups symmetrically attached to the aromatic ring. It is a white crystalline solid at room temperature and is classified as an aromatic hydrocarbon. Durene is primarily used as an intermediate in the synthesis of specialty chemicals and high-performance polymers. Its symmetrical structure and stability make it a valuable building block in organic chemistry. The compound is commercially produced through the alkylation of xylenes or other methylated benzenes. Due to its reactivity and utility, durene is a key material in industries ranging from plastics to electronics.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Durene exhibits typical properties of aromatic hydrocarbons, including high thermal stability and low solubility in water. It has a melting point of 79-82°C and a boiling point of 196-198°C, making it suitable for high-temperature applications. The compound is insoluble in water but dissolves readily in common organic solvents such as ethanol, acetone, and benzene. Its molecular structure contributes to its stability and reactivity, particularly in electrophilic substitution reactions. Durene is flammable and should be handled with care to avoid ignition. Its density is approximately 0.89 g/cm³, which is lighter than water.
Main Applications
Durene is a critical intermediate in the production of pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA), a key component in the manufacture of polyimide resins. These resins are used in high-performance applications such as aerospace, electronics, and automotive industries due to their exceptional thermal and mechanical properties. Additionally, durene is used in the synthesis of other specialty chemicals, including dyes, pharmaceuticals, and agrochemicals. Its stability and reactivity make it a preferred choice for complex organic syntheses. In the polymer industry, durene-derived materials are valued for their durability and resistance to extreme conditions.
Safety and Storage
Durene is flammable and should be stored in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from heat sources and open flames. Proper grounding is essential to prevent static discharge during handling. Personal protective equipment (PPE), including gloves and safety goggles, should be worn to minimize exposure. In case of skin contact, wash immediately with soap and water. Inhalation of dust or vapors should be avoided, and adequate ventilation must be maintained in work areas. Spills should be contained and cleaned up promptly using inert absorbents. Always refer to the material safety data sheet (MSDS) for detailed safety instructions.
B2B Procurement Guide
When procuring durene, it is essential to verify the CAS number (95-93-2) and purity specifications to ensure product quality. Suppliers should provide certificates of analysis (CoA) and comply with international safety standards such as REACH and OSHA. Bulk purchases may offer cost advantages, but storage conditions must be carefully managed to prevent degradation. Consider sourcing from reputable manufacturers with a track record of reliability. Pricing varies based on purity and quantity, with typical ranges between $20 and $50 per kilogram. Long-term contracts may provide stability in supply and pricing.