1-Phenylethanol
Overview
1-Phenylethanol is an organic compound classified as a secondary alcohol with a phenyl group attached to the chiral carbon center. First synthesized in the late 19th century, it gained industrial importance with the development of asymmetric synthesis techniques. The compound's significance stems from its dual functionality as both a fragrance ingredient and a versatile building block in pharmaceutical manufacturing. Commercial production occurs through two primary routes: catalytic hydrogenation of acetophenone (yielding racemic mixtures) or enzymatic resolution processes that produce single enantiomers. The global market for 1-phenylethanol is estimated at several thousand metric tons annually, with major producers located in China, Europe, and North America.
Physical and Chemical Properties
As a viscous liquid at room temperature, 1-phenylethanol exhibits characteristic physical constants including a density of 1.012 g/cm³ and boiling point of 203-205°C. Its refractive index (1.527-1.531) serves as a key quality control parameter. The compound demonstrates moderate volatility with a vapor pressure of 0.03 mmHg at 20°C. Chemically, it undergoes typical alcohol reactions including esterification, oxidation to acetophenone, and participation in Williamson ether synthesis. The hydroxyl group's reactivity is slightly reduced compared to primary alcohols due to steric hindrance from the phenyl group. Enantiomers show identical physical properties but differ in optical rotation: (R)-(+)-form rotates plane-polarized light +40.5°, while (S)-(−)-form shows −40.5° (neat).
Main Applications
In the fragrance industry, 1-phenylethanol contributes floral (hyacinth-like) notes to perfumes and cosmetic formulations, often used at 1-5% concentrations. Its stability in alkaline conditions makes it preferable to some terpene alcohols. The pharmaceutical sector utilizes enantiomerically pure forms as chiral auxiliaries in asymmetric synthesis, particularly for β-blockers and other cardiovascular drugs. About 60% of commercial production is consumed by pharma applications. Additional uses include serving as a solvent for specialty polymers, a precursor for styrene derivatives, and an intermediate in agrochemical production.
Safety and Storage
Classified as a Category 4 acute toxicity substance (oral LD50 in rats: 400-800 mg/kg), 1-phenylethanol requires standard laboratory precautions including gloves and eye protection. Its flammability necessitates storage away from ignition sources, ideally in flame-proof cabinets with proper grounding. Long-term stability is maintained under inert gas (argon/nitrogen) with added stabilizers like BHT (0.1%) to prevent oxidation. Bulk shipments typically use 200L steel drums or isotanks with UN number 1987 (Alcohols, flammable, toxic). Shelf life exceeds 24 months when stored properly, though periodic purity checks are recommended for sensitive applications.
B2B Procurement Guide
Industrial buyers should specify: 1) Enantiomeric purity requirements (racemic, R, or S form), 2) Minimum chemical purity (typically 98% or 99%), 3) Packaging preferences (drums, totes, or bulk), and 4) Required certifications (GMP, ISO, or USP). Leading manufacturers include BASF, Symrise, and Jiangsu Hengxing Chemical. Sample quantities (100g-1kg) are often available for qualification testing. MOQs for bulk orders typically start at 500kg with lead times of 2-6 weeks depending on specifications. Consider requesting stability data and residual solvent analysis for pharmaceutical-grade material.
Related Manufacturers
- 主营：癸甲氯铵、咪唑烷酮、二异丁腈、18908-66-2、饲料添加剂、分散剂工业、柠檬酸三丁酯、聚乙烯吡咯烷、二甲基溴化铵
- 主营：硼酸酐、阻聚剂、己二酸、6-氯嘌呤、氯化锂、发泡剂、乙二醇、醋酸铜、硅酸钠、正癸醇、新癸酸、环烷油、腰果酚、十二醇、酒石酸、碳酸锂、三甘醇、油菜酸、二甘醇、碳酸钾、甲酸钠、硅酸镁、棕榈油、微晶石蜡、磷酸一铵
- 主营：增塑剂、草酸镍、阻燃剂、1-二十烯、栀子蓝、抗氧剂、偶联剂、异壬酸、间氟溴苄、异胞嘧啶、磷酸三钾、油墨油剂、洗涤助剂、苯磺酸钠、单体香料、环磺酮酸、分散染料、无机颜料、苹果酸镁、表面处理剂、丙二醇甲醚、化妆品原料、丁酸甘油酯、硅烷处理剂、表面活性剂
- 主营：甜菊糖、氯乙酰、二乙苯、4316-73-8、4861-19-2、1192-62-7、7783-40-6、8002-74-2、7782-61-8、2842-44-6、1310-58-3、酞菁绿、阻燃剂、二戊烯、单甲醚、硫酸锂、大理石、羊脂酸、磷酸氢、龙脑油、聚甘油、二聚酸、戊二醇、聚醚f68、磺化油
- 主营：四甲基氢氧化铵、双乙烯酮、环氧环己烷、苯基乙醇、甲基丙烯酸十八酯、异丙叉丙酮、三聚甲醛、双季戊四醇、均苯四甲酸二酐、十一烷、水杨羟肟酸、硫氢化钠
- 主营：涂料助剂、工业清洗剂、表面活性剂、苯基乙醇、合成材料助剂、合成香料、溶剂、香精和香料中间体、合成材料中间体、炼厂助剂、选矿药剂
- 主营：烷基糖苷APG、氨基磺酸、一水柠檬酸、食品添加剂、表面活性剂
- 主营：捕收剂、活化剂、浮选剂、捕选剂、乙硫氮、萃取剂、丁铵黑药、乙基黄药、选取金属、金属矿石、苯氧肟酸、苯胺黑药、噻唑硫醇、甲苯胂酸、乙二胺磷酸盐、苯甲羟肟酸、水杨羟肟酸
- 主营：乳化剂、催化剂、烯丙基缩水甘油醚、苯基甲基甲醇、间苯二甲胺、航空煤油、六甲基二硅氮烷、硅酸乙酯、月桂酰肌氨酸钠、安息香乙醚、光引发剂BP、二苯甲酮、硫氰酸亚铜、四甲氧基硅烷、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯
- 主营：苯基乙醇、麦芽糖酸、苯氧基环磷腈、甲巯基四氮唑
- 主营：聚乙烯胺、烯丙基磺酸钠、分析标准品、糖精钠 128-44-9、70693-62-8 过硫酸氢钾、水杨酸钠 54-21-7、硫化钴 12013-10-4、催化剂及助剂
- 主营：全氟三丁胺、二苄叉山梨醇、六氟丙烯二聚体、凉味剂WS-10、泊洛沙姆188、4-氯苯硼酸、六氟环氧丙烷二聚体、纳米勃姆石、二异戊基硫醚、光引发剂2022、四氯羟铝锆GLY配位、氯化亚锡、六氟异丙醇、氟化液、薄荷醇PCA酯、新戊二醇二庚酸酯、氰基硼氢化钠、聚六亚甲基胍磷酸盐、钒粉、氨基磺酸钴
- 主营：乙二醇、二甲基亚砜、丙二醇、4-丁二醇、精对苯二甲酸、己二酸、聚乙烯醇、聚乙二醇、木质素、甘油、三甘醇、己内酰胺、叔十二硫醇、白油、对苯二甲酸二甲酯
- 主营：肌氨酸钠、硫化锰、V50偶氮二异丁脒盐酸盐、PX-4MP、腰果酚缩水甘油醚、乙硫氮、二新癸酸二甲基锡、三硫代碳酸钠、芥酸PKO、四氧化三锰
- 主营：2-十一酮、乙酸龙脑酯、聚苯乙烯磺酸钠、乙基黄原酸钾