1-Pentanol

Updated: 2026-09-11

Overview

1-Pentanol is a primary alcohol with a five-carbon chain, commonly referred to as n-pentanol or amyl alcohol. It is a versatile chemical used in various industrial applications, particularly as a solvent and intermediate in organic synthesis. The compound is naturally found in some essential oils and is also produced synthetically. Its mild odor and relatively low toxicity make it suitable for use in flavors and fragrances, though its primary industrial use is in chemical manufacturing. 1-Pentanol is classified as a flammable liquid and requires careful handling to ensure safety.

Physical and Chemical Properties

1-Pentanol is a colorless liquid with a density of 0.811 g/cm³ at 20°C. It has a boiling point of 138°C and a melting point of -79°C, making it stable under typical storage conditions. The compound is slightly soluble in water but readily mixes with most organic solvents, including ethanol, ether, and benzene. Its flammability and volatility are key considerations for storage and transportation. 1-Pentanol exhibits typical alcohol reactivity, including the ability to form esters and participate in oxidation reactions. Its mild odor and low vapor pressure make it less hazardous than shorter-chain alcohols but still require proper ventilation.

Main Applications

1-Pentanol serves as a solvent in coatings, inks, and resins due to its ability to dissolve a wide range of organic compounds. It is also used as an intermediate in the synthesis of esters, plasticizers, and pharmaceuticals. In the flavor and fragrance industry, it contributes to the production of banana and other fruit flavors. Additionally, 1-pentanol finds use in the manufacture of lubricants and as a frothing agent in mineral processing. Its relatively low toxicity compared to other solvents makes it a preferred choice in certain applications, though it is gradually being replaced by greener alternatives in some industries.

Safety and Storage

1-Pentanol is flammable and should be stored away from heat sources and open flames. Proper ventilation is essential to prevent the accumulation of vapors, which can be irritating to the respiratory system. Personal protective equipment, including gloves and goggles, should be worn when handling the chemical. In case of spills, absorbent materials like sand or vermiculite should be used to contain the liquid. Disposal must comply with local regulations to avoid environmental contamination. First aid measures include rinsing affected skin or eyes with plenty of water and seeking medical attention if irritation persists.

B2B Procurement Guide

Industrial buyers should prioritize suppliers who provide certificates of analysis (CoA) to verify the purity and quality of 1-pentanol. Bulk purchases typically offer cost savings, but storage capacity and shelf life must be considered. Packaging options include drums, IBCs, and tanker trucks for large-volume orders. It is advisable to establish long-term contracts with reliable suppliers to ensure consistent quality and availability. Buyers should also stay informed about regulatory changes that may affect the use or transportation of 1-pentanol, particularly in regions with strict environmental and safety standards.