1-Naphthol

Updated: 2026-07-24

Overview

1-Hydroxynaphthalene, commonly known as α-naphthol, is an organic compound derived from naphthalene. It is one of two isomeric hydroxynaphthalenes, with the hydroxyl group positioned at the 1-carbon of the naphthalene ring. This aromatic compound serves as a crucial building block in organic synthesis, particularly in the production of dyes and pigments. As an intermediate chemical, 1-hydroxynaphthalene plays a significant role in various industrial applications. Its reactivity makes it valuable for producing more complex molecules used in dyes, pharmaceuticals, and agricultural chemicals. The compound has been commercially important since the late 19th century when synthetic dye chemistry began flourishing.

Physical and Chemical Properties

1-Hydroxynaphthalene appears as white to pale yellow crystals with a characteristic phenolic odor. It exhibits typical aromatic properties and is relatively stable under normal conditions. The compound shows limited solubility in water but dissolves readily in organic solvents like ethanol, ether, and benzene. The hydroxyl group makes the compound weakly acidic, capable of forming salts with strong bases. It undergoes various chemical reactions typical of phenols, including electrophilic aromatic substitution. The compound is sensitive to oxidation and should be protected from air exposure during storage. Its vapor pressure is low at room temperature, but it can sublime when heated.

Main Applications

The primary use of 1-hydroxynaphthalene is in the synthesis of azo dyes and other colorants. It serves as a coupling component in the production of various orange and red dyes used in textiles, inks, and plastics. The compound's ability to form stable colored complexes makes it valuable in color chemistry. In the pharmaceutical industry, 1-hydroxynaphthalene is used to synthesize certain drugs and pharmaceutical intermediates. It also finds application in agrochemical production, particularly in manufacturing some pesticides and fungicides. Additionally, it serves as a chemical intermediate in rubber antioxidants and as a starting material for other specialty chemicals.

Safety and Storage

1-Hydroxynaphthalene requires careful handling due to its potential health hazards. The compound can cause irritation to skin, eyes, and respiratory tract upon exposure. Appropriate personal protective equipment, including gloves and safety goggles, should be worn when handling this chemical. For storage, keep containers tightly closed in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from oxidizing agents and strong acids. The material should be protected from light and moisture to prevent degradation. Spills should be contained and cleaned up promptly using appropriate absorbent materials. Proper disposal methods should be followed according to local regulations.

B2B Procurement Guide

When procuring 1-hydroxynaphthalene for industrial use, several factors should be considered. Purity specifications are crucial, with technical grade (90-95%) and purified grade (98%+) being common options. Buyers should verify the supplier's quality control processes and request certificates of analysis. Packaging options typically include 25kg fiber drums or 1000kg bulk containers. Consider transportation costs and storage requirements when ordering large quantities. Establish long-term supply agreements with reputable manufacturers to ensure consistent quality and pricing. For international procurement, be aware of any import restrictions or special handling requirements in your region.