1-Butanol

Updated: 2026-09-12

Overview

1-Butanol, commonly referred to as n-butanol, is a four-carbon primary alcohol with the molecular formula C4H10O. It is one of the four isomers of butanol and is widely used in industrial applications due to its solvent properties and role as a chemical intermediate. The compound is produced through various methods, including hydroformylation of propylene and fermentation of biomass. In industrial settings, 1-butanol is valued for its balance between hydrophilicity and lipophilicity, making it effective in formulations requiring controlled evaporation rates. Its production by companies like Luxi Chemical Group (鲁西) follows strict quality control measures to meet international standards for purity and performance.

Physical and Chemical Properties

1-Butanol is a colorless liquid with a characteristic alcoholic odor and a boiling point of 117.7°C. Its density of 0.81 g/cm³ makes it less dense than water, and it exhibits moderate solubility in water (8.3 g/100 mL at 20°C), increasing with temperature. The compound is fully miscible with common organic solvents like ethanol, ether, and acetone. Key chemical properties include its flammability (flash point: 35°C) and its reactivity as a primary alcohol, participating in esterification, oxidation, and dehydration reactions. Its hydroxyl group enables hydrogen bonding, contributing to its solvent capabilities for polar and non-polar substances.

Main Applications

The primary use of 1-butanol is as a solvent in coatings, inks, and adhesives, where it improves flow and leveling properties. It is also a key ingredient in the production of butyl acrylate, a monomer for acrylic polymers, and dibutyl phthalate (DBP), a plasticizer for PVC. In the pharmaceutical industry, 1-butanol serves as an extractant and intermediate for synthetic processes. Additionally, it finds niche applications in perfumery as a carrier solvent and in the manufacture of brake fluids and detergents. Its role as a biofuel precursor is under exploration due to its higher energy content compared to ethanol.

Safety and Storage

1-Butanol is classified as a flammable liquid (Category 3) and poses moderate health hazards, including eye and skin irritation upon prolonged exposure. Proper storage requires sealed containers in cool, ventilated areas away from heat sources and oxidizers. Grounding and bonding are essential to prevent static discharge during transfer. Personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, goggles, and respirators should be used when handling. Spills should be contained with inert absorbents and disposed of according to local regulations. The compound’s vapor can form explosive mixtures with air, necessitating explosion-proof equipment in processing areas.

B2B Procurement Guide

When procuring 1-butanol, prioritize suppliers with ISO or similar certifications to ensure consistent quality. Key specifications to verify include purity (≥99.5%), water content (<0.1%), and acidity levels. Packaging options range from 200L drums to bulk ISO tanks, with costs varying by volume and logistics requirements. For large-scale buyers, long-term contracts with tier-1 manufacturers like Luxi Chemical can offer price stability. Consider regional availability and transportation regulations, as 1-butanol is subject to hazardous material shipping rules. Sample testing for intended applications is recommended before bulk purchases.